Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking Before 2030
【雙語】
2030年前碳達(dá)峰行動(dòng)方案
Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking Before 2030
為深入貫徹落實(shí)黨中央、國務(wù)院關(guān)于碳達(dá)峰、碳中和的重大戰(zhàn)略決策，扎實(shí)推進(jìn)碳達(dá)峰行動(dòng)，制定本方案。
This Action Plan is formulated to advance actions on carbon dioxide peaking in further implementing the major strategic decisions by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality.
一、總體要求
I. General Guidance
（一）指導(dǎo)思想。以習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國特色社會(huì)主義思想為指導(dǎo)，全面貫徹黨的十九大和十九屆二中、三中、四中、五中全會(huì)精神，深入貫徹習(xí)近平生態(tài)文明思想，立足新發(fā)展階段，完整、準(zhǔn)確、全面貫徹新發(fā)展理念，構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局，堅(jiān)持系統(tǒng)觀念，處理好發(fā)展和減排、整體和局部、短期和中長期的關(guān)系，統(tǒng)籌穩(wěn)增長和調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，把碳達(dá)峰、碳中和納入經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展全局，堅(jiān)持“全國統(tǒng)籌、節(jié)約優(yōu)先、雙輪驅(qū)動(dòng)、內(nèi)外暢通、防范風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”的總方針，有力有序有效做好碳達(dá)峰工作，明確各地區(qū)、各領(lǐng)域、各行業(yè)目標(biāo)任務(wù)，加快實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)生活方式綠色變革，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展建立在資源高效利用和綠色低碳發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)之上，確保如期實(shí)現(xiàn)2030年前碳達(dá)峰目標(biāo)。
1. Guiding Principles
We must follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implement the guiding principles from the 19th CPC National Congress and the second through fifth plenary sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee, and thoroughly apply Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization. We need to ground our work in the new stage of development, apply the new development philosophy, and foster a new pattern of development. Through the application of systematic thinking, we will strike a balance between development and emissions reduction, between overall and local imperatives, and between short-term and longer-term considerations, and coordinated efforts in terms of maintaining steady growth and restructuring. Endeavors to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality must be incorporated into the overall economic and social development framework. We need to stick to the overarching principles of exercising nationwide planning, prioritizing conservation, leveraging the strengths of the government and the market, coordinating efforts on the domestic and international fronts, and guarding against risks. Work related to peaking carbon dioxide emissions must carry out in a vigorous, orderly and effective manner by setting explicit targets and tasks for different regions, fields and industries. We need to accelerate the shift to more environmentally friendly living patterns and modes of production, base economic and social development upon highly efficient utilization of resources and green and low-carbon growth and ensure that the goal of carbon dioxide peaking before 2030 is achieved.
（二）工作原則。
2. Working Guidelines
——總體部署、分類施策。堅(jiān)持全國一盤棋，強(qiáng)化頂層設(shè)計(jì)和各方統(tǒng)籌。各地區(qū)、各領(lǐng)域、各行業(yè)因地制宜、分類施策，明確既符合自身實(shí)際又滿足總體要求的目標(biāo)任務(wù)。
Planning from an overall perspective and implementing tailored policies. We will take a whole-of-nation approach, bolstering top-level design and coordination on all sides. In all regions, fields, and industries, we will implement tailored policies, and set targets and tasks in a manner that both fits individual realities and satisfies overall requirements.
——系統(tǒng)推進(jìn)、重點(diǎn)突破。全面準(zhǔn)確認(rèn)識碳達(dá)峰行動(dòng)對經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的深遠(yuǎn)影響，加強(qiáng)政策的系統(tǒng)性、協(xié)同性。抓住主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面，推動(dòng)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域、重點(diǎn)行業(yè)和有條件的地方率先達(dá)峰。
Employing a systematic approach and pushing for key breakthroughs. We will maintain a comprehensive and precise understanding of the carbon dioxide peaking action’s far-reaching effects on economic and social development, and make policies more systematic and coordinated. We will devote our attention to the main problems and the main aspects of these problems, and encourage key fields and key industries as well as regions with the favorable conditions to take the lead in reaching peak emissions.
——雙輪驅(qū)動(dòng)、兩手發(fā)力。更好發(fā)揮政府作用，構(gòu)建新型舉國體制，充分發(fā)揮市場機(jī)制作用，大力推進(jìn)綠色低碳科技創(chuàng)新，深化能源和相關(guān)領(lǐng)域改革，形成有效激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制。
Leveraging the strengths of the government and the market. We will give better play to the role of the government by building a new system for mobilizing the nation, and give full play to the role of the market. We will vigorously promote innovation in green and low-carbon science and technology, deepen institutional reform in energy and other relevant fields, and develop effective incentive and constraint mechanisms.
——穩(wěn)妥有序、安全降碳。立足我國富煤貧油少氣的能源資源稟賦，堅(jiān)持先立后破，穩(wěn)住存量，拓展增量，以保障國家能源安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展為底線，爭取時(shí)間實(shí)現(xiàn)新能源的逐漸替代，推動(dòng)能源低碳轉(zhuǎn)型平穩(wěn)過渡，切實(shí)保障國家能源安全、產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈安全、糧食安全和群眾正常生產(chǎn)生活，著力化解各類風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患，防止過度反應(yīng)，穩(wěn)妥有序、循序漸進(jìn)推進(jìn)碳達(dá)峰行動(dòng)，確保安全降碳。
Working in a steady and orderly manner to safely reduce carbon emissions. Based on China’s energy resource conditions of rich in coal but poor in oil and gas, we must insist construction before destruction, stabilize energy stock and expand energy increment. We must keep national energy security and economic development as the bottom line, strive for time to realize the gradual replacement of new energy, and promote the smooth transition of energy low-carbon transformation. We will take concrete steps to safeguard China’s energy security, food security, and the security of industrial and supply chains and to keep ordinary citizens living and working as normal. As we advance the carbon dioxide peaking initiatives through a steady, step-by-step approach, we will put concentrated effort into addressing various potential risks and hazards and avoid excessive side effects, thus ensuring a safe reduction of carbon emissions.
二、主要目標(biāo)
II. Main Objectives
“十四五”期間，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和能源結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整優(yōu)化取得明顯進(jìn)展，重點(diǎn)行業(yè)能源利用效率大幅提升，煤炭消費(fèi)增長得到嚴(yán)格控制，新型電力系統(tǒng)加快構(gòu)建，綠色低碳技術(shù)研發(fā)和推廣應(yīng)用取得新進(jìn)展，綠色生產(chǎn)生活方式得到普遍推行，有利于綠色低碳循環(huán)發(fā)展的政策體系進(jìn)一步完善。到2025年，非化石能源消費(fèi)比重達(dá)到20%左右，單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能源消耗比2020年下降13.5%，單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2020年下降18%，為實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。
Over the 14th Five-Year Plan period, notable progress will be made in adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure and the energy mix. Energy efficiency will be largely improved in key industries, strict controls will be placed upon coal consumption growth, construction of new electric power systems based upon new energy resources will speed up, new progress will be made in the R&D and broad application of green and low-carbon technologies, environment-friendly production modes and living patterns will become widespread, and further improvement will be made in the policy framework for green, low-carbon and circular development. By 2025, the share of non-fossil fuels in total energy consumption will reach around 20%, while energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will drop by 13.5% and 18%, respectively, compared with 2020 levels, laying a solid foundation for carbon dioxide peaking.
“十五五”期間，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整取得重大進(jìn)展，清潔低碳安全高效的能源體系初步建立，重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域低碳發(fā)展模式基本形成，重點(diǎn)耗能行業(yè)能源利用效率達(dá)到國際先進(jìn)水平，非化石能源消費(fèi)比重進(jìn)一步提高，煤炭消費(fèi)逐步減少，綠色低碳技術(shù)取得關(guān)鍵突破，綠色生活方式成為公眾自覺選擇，綠色低碳循環(huán)發(fā)展政策體系基本健全。到2030年，非化石能源消費(fèi)比重達(dá)到25%左右，單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降65%以上，順利實(shí)現(xiàn)2030年前碳達(dá)峰目標(biāo)。
During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, major progress will be made in adjustment of the industrial structure, a clean, safe, efficient and low-carbon energy system will be preliminary established, low-carbon development models will have largely taken shape in key fields, energy efficiency among China’s key energy consumption industries will reach advanced international standards, non-fossil fuels will account for a larger share of energy consumption, coal consumption will gradually fall, crucial breakthroughs will be made in green and low-carbon technology, the public will opt for environment-friendly living patterns, and formulation of the policy framework for green, low-carbon and circular development will be mostly complete. By 2030, the share of non-fossil energy consumption will reach around 25%, and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will have dropped by more than 65% compared with the 2005 level, successfully achieving carbon dioxide peaking before 2030.
三、重點(diǎn)任務(wù)
III. Key Tasks
將碳達(dá)峰貫穿于經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展全過程和各方面，重點(diǎn)實(shí)施能源綠色低碳轉(zhuǎn)型行動(dòng)、節(jié)能降碳增效行動(dòng)、工業(yè)領(lǐng)域碳達(dá)峰行動(dòng)、城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)碳達(dá)峰行動(dòng)、交通運(yùn)輸綠色低碳行動(dòng)、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)助力降碳行動(dòng)、綠色低碳科技創(chuàng)新行動(dòng)、碳匯能力鞏固提升行動(dòng)、綠色低碳全民行動(dòng)、各地區(qū)梯次有序碳達(dá)峰行動(dòng)等“碳達(dá)峰十大行動(dòng)”。
We will see that the goal to peak carbon dioxide emissions permeates the whole process and every aspect of economic and social development. Particular focus will be placed on implementation of ten major peaking carbon dioxide emissions actions, which are the action for green and low-carbon energy transition, the action for energy saving, carbon emission mitigation and efficiency improvement, the action for peaking carbon dioxide emissions in industry sector, the action for peaking carbon dioxide emissions in urban-rural development area, the action for promoting green and low-carbon transportation, the action for promoting circular economy in carbon mitigation purpose, the action for advancing green and low-carbon technology innovation, the action for consolidating and enhancing carbon sink, the action for green and low-carbon society, the action for promoting all regions peaking carbon dioxide emissions hierarchically and orderly.
（一）能源綠色低碳轉(zhuǎn)型行動(dòng)。
1. The action for green and low-carbon energy transition
能源是經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，也是碳排放的最主要來源。要堅(jiān)持安全降碳，在保障能源安全的前提下，大力實(shí)施可再生能源替代，加快構(gòu)建清潔低碳安全高效的能源體系。
Energy is an important material foundation for economic and social development, as well as the principal source of carbon emissions. We will maintain commitment to cutting carbon emissions in a safe manner by vigorously promoting substitution of renewable sources of energy under the condition that energy security is ensured, and accelerate the development of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system.
1．推進(jìn)煤炭消費(fèi)替代和轉(zhuǎn)型升級。加快煤炭減量步伐，“十四五”時(shí)期嚴(yán)格合理控制煤炭消費(fèi)增長，“十五五”時(shí)期逐步減少。嚴(yán)格控制新增煤電項(xiàng)目，新建機(jī)組煤耗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)達(dá)到國際先進(jìn)水平，有序淘汰煤電落后產(chǎn)能，加快現(xiàn)役機(jī)組節(jié)能升級和靈活性改造，積極推進(jìn)供熱改造，推動(dòng)煤電向基礎(chǔ)保障性和系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)性電源并重轉(zhuǎn)型。嚴(yán)控跨區(qū)外送可再生能源電力配套煤電規(guī)模，新建通道可再生能源電量比例原則上不低于50%。推動(dòng)重點(diǎn)用煤行業(yè)減煤限煤。大力推動(dòng)煤炭清潔利用，合理劃定禁止散燒區(qū)域，多措并舉、積極有序推進(jìn)散煤替代，逐步減少直至禁止煤炭散燒。
(a) Promoting coal substitution as well as transformation and upgrading
We will pick up the pace in cutting coal consumption, strictly and rationally limit the increase in coal consumption over the 14th Five-Year Plan period and phase it down in the 15th Five-Year Plan period. Severe restrictions will be placed on new coal power projects, and newly constructed units will meet the most advanced international standards for coal consumption. We will orderly phase-out outdated coal power capacity, accelerate energy-saving upgrades and flexibility retrofits on units that remain in service, actively advance retrofits in coal-fueled heating facilities, and push forward coal’s transition into a power source that is for ensuring basic needs and serves as a system regulating source. In trans-regional transmission of power generated by new energy resources, we will strictly control the scale of supplementary coal power, and ensure in principle that no less than 50% of electricity transmitted via newly constructed lines is generated from renewable resources. We will push key coal consuming industries to reduce and limit their coal consumption. We will vigorously promote the clean utilization of coal. We will rationally designate zones where burning of bulk coal is prohibited, promote efforts to replace bulk coal and make coal cleaner in an active and orderly manner through multiple measures, and gradually reduce and eventually prohibit burning of bulk coal.
2．大力發(fā)展新能源。全面推進(jìn)風(fēng)電、太陽能發(fā)電大規(guī)模開發(fā)和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，堅(jiān)持集中式與分布式并舉，加快建設(shè)風(fēng)電和光伏發(fā)電基地。加快智能光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新升級和特色應(yīng)用，創(chuàng)新“光伏+”模式，推進(jìn)光伏發(fā)電多元布局。堅(jiān)持陸海并重，推動(dòng)風(fēng)電協(xié)調(diào)快速發(fā)展，完善海上風(fēng)電產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，鼓勵(lì)建設(shè)海上風(fēng)電基地。積極發(fā)展太陽能光熱發(fā)電，推動(dòng)建立光熱發(fā)電與光伏發(fā)電、風(fēng)電互補(bǔ)調(diào)節(jié)的風(fēng)光熱綜合可再生能源發(fā)電基地。因地制宜發(fā)展生物質(zhì)發(fā)電、生物質(zhì)能清潔供暖和生物天然氣。探索深化地?zé)崮芤约安ɡ四?、潮流能、溫差能等海洋新能源開發(fā)利用。進(jìn)一步完善可再生能源電力消納保障機(jī)制。到2030年，風(fēng)電、太陽能發(fā)電總裝機(jī)容量達(dá)到12億千瓦以上。
(b) Vigorously developing new energy resources
We will spur large-scale, high-quality development of wind and solar power generation across the board, continue to promote both concentrated and distributed systems, and accelerate the construction of wind and solar farms. We will speed up innovative upgrading and specialized application of innovations in smart photovoltaic industry, creatively develop the “solar +” model, and promote a diversified layout in photovoltaic power generation. Emphasizing both onshore and offshore power generation systems, we will promote rapid and coordinated development of wind power, improve industrial chains for offshore wind power, and encourage the construction of offshore wind bases. We will actively develop solar thermal power generation, and promote the establishment of comprehensive bases for generating power with renewable resources where solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind power complement each other. We will develop biomass power generation and heating as well as biogas according to local conditions. We will explore ways of expanding the exploitation and utilization of geothermal energy as well as new marine energy sources such as wave, tidal and ocean thermal energy. We will further refine mechanisms for ensuring the uptake of power generated from renewable sources. By 2030, total installed generation capacity of wind and solar power will reach above 1200 gigawatts.
3．因地制宜開發(fā)水電。積極推進(jìn)水電基地建設(shè)，推動(dòng)金沙江上游、瀾滄江上游、雅礱江中游、黃河上游等已納入規(guī)劃、符合生態(tài)保護(hù)要求的水電項(xiàng)目開工建設(shè)，推進(jìn)雅魯藏布江下游水電開發(fā)，推動(dòng)小水電綠色發(fā)展。推動(dòng)西南地區(qū)水電與風(fēng)電、太陽能發(fā)電協(xié)同互補(bǔ)。統(tǒng)籌水電開發(fā)和生態(tài)保護(hù)，探索建立水能資源開發(fā)生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制。“十四五”、“十五五”期間分別新增水電裝機(jī)容量4000萬千瓦左右，西南地區(qū)以水電為主的可再生能源體系基本建立。
(c) Developing hydro power according to local conditions
We will actively advance the construction of hydro power bases. This includes pushing for work to begin on the construction of hydro power projects that have already been incorporated into the plan and meet environmental protection requirements, including those on the upper Jinsha River, the upper Lancang River, the middle section of the Yalong River, and the upper Yellow River, pushing the development of hydro power on the lower Yarlung Zangpo River, and promoting the green development of small hydro power plants. We will push for coordination and complementarity between hydro, wind, and solar power generation in southwestern China. We will plan hydro power development and environment protection as a whole, and look into establishing mechanisms for compensating ecological conservation efforts in this regard. Approximately 40 gigawatts of additional hydro power capacity will be installed during both the 14th and 15th Five-Year Plan periods, respectively, while a renewable energy system based largely on hydro power will be generally established in southwestern China.
4．積極安全有序發(fā)展核電。合理確定核電站布局和開發(fā)時(shí)序，在確保安全的前提下有序發(fā)展核電，保持平穩(wěn)建設(shè)節(jié)奏。積極推動(dòng)高溫氣冷堆、快堆、模塊化小型堆、海上浮動(dòng)堆等先進(jìn)堆型示范工程，開展核能綜合利用示范。加大核電標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、自主化力度，加快關(guān)鍵技術(shù)裝備攻關(guān)，培育高端核電裝備制造產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。實(shí)行最嚴(yán)格的安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和最嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)管，持續(xù)提升核安全監(jiān)管能力。
(d) Actively developing nuclear power through a safe and orderly approach
We will set a reasonable layout and timetable for the construction of nuclear power stations, and maintain a steady pace of construction. We will develop nuclear power in an orderly manner under the premise of ensuring safety and maintain a steady pace of construction. We will push forward demonstration projects for advanced reactor types including high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, fast reactors, small modular reactors, and offshore floating reactors, and conduct demonstrations on the comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy. We will step up efforts to make nuclear power more standardized and independently driven, move faster to make breakthroughs in key technologies and equipment, and foster industry clusters for the manufacturing of high-end nuclear power equipment. We will enforce the strictest safety standards and the most rigorous oversight, and continue to enhance capacity for supervising nuclear safety.
5．合理調(diào)控油氣消費(fèi)。保持石油消費(fèi)處于合理區(qū)間，逐步調(diào)整汽油消費(fèi)規(guī)模，大力推進(jìn)先進(jìn)生物液體燃料、可持續(xù)航空燃料等替代傳統(tǒng)燃油，提升終端燃油產(chǎn)品能效。加快推進(jìn)頁巖氣、煤層氣、致密油（氣）等非常規(guī)油氣資源規(guī)?；_發(fā)。有序引導(dǎo)天然氣消費(fèi)，優(yōu)化利用結(jié)構(gòu)，優(yōu)先保障民生用氣，大力推動(dòng)天然氣與多種能源融合發(fā)展，因地制宜建設(shè)天然氣調(diào)峰電站，合理引導(dǎo)工業(yè)用氣和化工原料用氣。支持車船使用液化天然氣作為燃料。
(e) Rationally regulating oil and gas consumption
We will keep oil consumption within a reasonable range, gradually adjust the scale of gasoline consumption, vigorously promote alternatives like advanced liquid biofuels and sustainable aviation fuel in substitution for traditional fuel oils, and make end-user fueled by oil more efficient. We will speed up the large-scale exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources including shale gas, coal bed gas, and tight oil and gas. We will steer natural gas consumption in an orderly manner by optimizing the structure of use with priority given to meeting public needs. Meanwhile, we will vigorously promote integrated development between natural gas and other energy resources, build natural gas peak shaving power plants according to local conditions, and rationally guide the use of natural gas for industrial and as feedstocks for chemicals industries. We will support the use of liquid natural gas as fuel for vehicles and ships.
6．加快建設(shè)新型電力系統(tǒng)。構(gòu)建新能源占比逐漸提高的新型電力系統(tǒng)，推動(dòng)清潔電力資源大范圍優(yōu)化配置。大力提升電力系統(tǒng)綜合調(diào)節(jié)能力，加快靈活調(diào)節(jié)電源建設(shè)，引導(dǎo)自備電廠、傳統(tǒng)高載能工業(yè)負(fù)荷、工商業(yè)可中斷負(fù)荷、電動(dòng)汽車充電網(wǎng)絡(luò)、虛擬電廠等參與系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)，建設(shè)堅(jiān)強(qiáng)智能電網(wǎng)，提升電網(wǎng)安全保障水平。積極發(fā)展“新能源+儲(chǔ)能”、源網(wǎng)荷儲(chǔ)一體化和多能互補(bǔ)，支持分布式新能源合理配置儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)。制定新一輪抽水蓄能電站中長期發(fā)展規(guī)劃，完善促進(jìn)抽水蓄能發(fā)展的政策機(jī)制。加快新型儲(chǔ)能示范推廣應(yīng)用。深化電力體制改革，加快構(gòu)建全國統(tǒng)一電力市場體系。到2025年，新型儲(chǔ)能裝機(jī)容量達(dá)到3000萬千瓦以上。到2030年，抽水蓄能電站裝機(jī)容量達(dá)到1.2億千瓦左右，省級電網(wǎng)基本具備5%以上的尖峰負(fù)荷響應(yīng)能力。
(f) Speeding up the development of the new electric power system
We will build a new electric power system that the share of new energy resources keeps increasing, and work toward an optimized distribution of clean electricity generation on a broad scale. We will make vigorous efforts to enhance the overall adjustable capacity of our electric power system, expedite the construction of flexible power sources, incorporate enterprise-affiliated power plants, the load of traditional energy intensive industries, interruptible industrial and commercial load, electric vehicle charging grids, and virtual power plants into regulation of the power system, build resilient smart electrical grids, and make grids more secure and reliable. We will actively develop the “new energy + energy storage” model, promote coordination of power source-grid-load-storage, use multiple energy sources to supplement each other, and support the deployment of appropriate energy storage systems for distributed new energy sources. We will draft a new round of medium to long-term development plans for pumped-storage hydro power stations, and refine policies and mechanisms for spurring the development of this type of energy storage. We will accelerate the broad demonstration and application of new types of energy storage. We will deepen structural reform with regard to electric power, and speed up development of a unified national electricity market. By 2025, installed capacity of new types of energy storage will reach 30 gigawatts or more. By 2030, installed pumped-storage hydro power capacity will reach approximately 120 gigawatts, and provincial-level electrical grids will be equipped with peak load response capacity of 5% or more.
（二）節(jié)能降碳增效行動(dòng)。
2. The action for energy saving, carbon emission mitigation and efficiency improvement
落實(shí)節(jié)約優(yōu)先方針，完善能源消費(fèi)強(qiáng)度和總量雙控制度，嚴(yán)格控制能耗強(qiáng)度，合理控制能源消費(fèi)總量，推動(dòng)能源消費(fèi)革命，建設(shè)能源節(jié)約型社會(huì)。
We will implement the policy of putting conservation first, and improve systems for keeping energy consumption under control in terms of both volume and intensity, with especially strict controls on intensity and reasonable controls on volume. We will advance revolutionary changes in energy consumption, and build an energy conserving society.
1．全面提升節(jié)能管理能力。推行用能預(yù)算管理，強(qiáng)化固定資產(chǎn)投資項(xiàng)目節(jié)能審查，對項(xiàng)目用能和碳排放情況進(jìn)行綜合評價(jià)，從源頭推進(jìn)節(jié)能降碳。提高節(jié)能管理信息化水平，完善重點(diǎn)用能單位能耗在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，建立全國性、行業(yè)性節(jié)能技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)平臺，推動(dòng)高耗能企業(yè)建立能源管理中心。完善能源計(jì)量體系，鼓勵(lì)采用認(rèn)證手段提升節(jié)能管理水平。加強(qiáng)節(jié)能監(jiān)察能力建設(shè)，健全省、市、縣三級節(jié)能監(jiān)察體系，建立跨部門聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制，綜合運(yùn)用行政處罰、信用監(jiān)管、綠色電價(jià)等手段，增強(qiáng)節(jié)能監(jiān)察約束力。
(a) Raising capacity for managing energy conservation across the board
We will introduce an energy budget management approach, intensify energy conservation reviews regarding fixed-asset investment projects, and conduct comprehensive assessments of projects’ energy use and carbon emissions, thus promoting energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction from the beginning. We will raise the level of informatization of energy management, improve systems for online monitoring of the energy consumption of key energy users, establish country-wide and industry-wide service platforms to promote energy-saving technologies, and push energy-intensive enterprises to set up energy management centers. We will refine energy measurement systems, and encourage the use of certification as a means to improve the level of management over energy conservation. We will step up the development of supervisory capacity with regard to energy conservation, improve systems for supervising energy conservation at the provincial, city, and county levels, establish mechanisms for interdepartmental action, and make full use of measures including administrative penalties, credibility checks, and tiered rates for electricity in order to make supervision over energy conservation a more binding force.
2．實(shí)施節(jié)能降碳重點(diǎn)工程。實(shí)施城市節(jié)能降碳工程，開展建筑、交通、照明、供熱等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施節(jié)能升級改造，推進(jìn)先進(jìn)綠色建筑技術(shù)示范應(yīng)用，推動(dòng)城市綜合能效提升。實(shí)施園區(qū)節(jié)能降碳工程，以高耗能高排放項(xiàng)目（以下稱“兩高”項(xiàng)目）集聚度高的園區(qū)為重點(diǎn)，推動(dòng)能源系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化和梯級利用，打造一批達(dá)到國際先進(jìn)水平的節(jié)能低碳園區(qū)。實(shí)施重點(diǎn)行業(yè)節(jié)能降碳工程，推動(dòng)電力、鋼鐵、有色金屬、建材、石化化工等行業(yè)開展節(jié)能降碳改造，提升能源資源利用效率。實(shí)施重大節(jié)能降碳技術(shù)示范工程，支持已取得突破的綠色低碳關(guān)鍵技術(shù)開展產(chǎn)業(yè)化示范應(yīng)用。
(b) Implementing key energy conservation and carbon reduction projects
We will implement energy conservation and carbon reduction projects in urban areas, carrying out energy-saving upgrades on building, transportation, lighting, and heating infrastructure, promoting the trial application of advanced green construction technologies, and advancing overall improvement of energy efficiency in urban areas. We will implement energy conservation and carbon reduction projects in industrial parks, promoting systematic optimization of energy systems and cascading use of energy with a focus on industrial parks where energy-intensive, high-emissions projects are concentrated, so as to foster a group of energy-saving, low-carbon industrial parks that meet advanced international standards. We will implement energy conservation and carbon reduction projects in key industries, carrying out energy-saving and carbon-cutting improvements in industries such as electric power, steel, non-ferrous metals, building materials, petrochemicals, and chemicals, and raising the efficiency with which energy and resource are used. We will implement major technological demonstration projects for energy conservation and carbon reduction, and support the trial industrial application of key green and low-carbon technologies in which breakthroughs have already been achieved.
3．推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)用能設(shè)備節(jié)能增效。以電機(jī)、風(fēng)機(jī)、泵、壓縮機(jī)、變壓器、換熱器、工業(yè)鍋爐等設(shè)備為重點(diǎn)，全面提升能效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。建立以能效為導(dǎo)向的激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制，推廣先進(jìn)高效產(chǎn)品設(shè)備，加快淘汰落后低效設(shè)備。加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)用能設(shè)備節(jié)能審查和日常監(jiān)管，強(qiáng)化生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營、銷售、使用、報(bào)廢全鏈條管理，嚴(yán)厲打擊違法違規(guī)行為，確保能效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和節(jié)能要求全面落實(shí)。
(c) Advancing better energy-saving performance and higher efficiency of major energy-consuming equipments
We will raise energy efficiency standards across the board with a focus on equipment including electrical machinery, draught fans, pumps, compressors, transformers, heat exchangers, and industrial boilers. We will establish efficiency-oriented incentives, popularize advanced high efficiency products and equipment, and move faster to retire outdated, low efficiency equipments. We will step up energy conservation checks and regular oversight on major energy consuming equipment, strengthen full-chain management covering production, marketing, sales, utilization, and disposal, crack down hard on activities that violate laws and regulations, and thus ensure full execution of energy efficiency standards and energy conservation requirements.
4．加強(qiáng)新型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施節(jié)能降碳。優(yōu)化新型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施空間布局，統(tǒng)籌謀劃、科學(xué)配置數(shù)據(jù)中心等新型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，避免低水平重復(fù)建設(shè)。優(yōu)化新型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施用能結(jié)構(gòu)，采用直流供電、分布式儲(chǔ)能、“光伏+儲(chǔ)能”等模式，探索多樣化能源供應(yīng)，提高非化石能源消費(fèi)比重。對標(biāo)國際先進(jìn)水平，加快完善通信、運(yùn)算、存儲(chǔ)、傳輸?shù)仍O(shè)備能效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，提升準(zhǔn)入門檻，淘汰落后設(shè)備和技術(shù)。加強(qiáng)新型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施用能管理，將年綜合能耗超過1萬噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤的數(shù)據(jù)中心全部納入重點(diǎn)用能單位能耗在線監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，開展能源計(jì)量審查。推動(dòng)既有設(shè)施綠色升級改造，積極推廣使用高效制冷、先進(jìn)通風(fēng)、余熱利用、智能化用能控制等技術(shù)，提高設(shè)施能效水平。
(d) Strengthening energy conservation and carbon reduction in new types of infrastructure
We will optimize the spatial layout, and make overall plans to set up new types of infrastructure such as data centers appropriately, avoiding low-quality duplicate construction. We will optimize the energy consumption mix in new types of infrastructure by employing models including direct current electricity, distributed energy storage, and “solar + storage,” making explorations into diversified energy supply, and raising the share of non-fossil fuels in total energy consumption. Comparing our initiatives with the advanced international standards, we will work faster to improve energy efficiency standards for communications, computing, storage, and transmission equipment, raise minimum thresholds, and retire outdated equipment and technologies. We will strengthen management over the energy usage of new types of infrastructure, putting all data centers whose annual overall energy consumption exceeds 10,000 tons of standard coal-equivalent under the energy consumption online monitoring system for key energy using organizations, and carrying out energy measurement audit. We will advance environmentally friendly upgrades for existing infrastructure, and actively promote the use of technologies including high-efficient refrigeration, advanced ventilation, surplus heat utilization, and smart control of energy usage, thus making infrastructure more energy-efficient.
（三）工業(yè)領(lǐng)域碳達(dá)峰行動(dòng)。
3. The action for peaking carbon dioxide emissions in industry sector
工業(yè)是產(chǎn)生碳排放的主要領(lǐng)域之一，對全國整體實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰具有重要影響。工業(yè)領(lǐng)域要加快綠色低碳轉(zhuǎn)型和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，力爭率先實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰。
The industrial domain is one of the primary sources of carbon dioxide emissions, and therefore exerts an important impact on China’s efforts to peak overall carbon dioxide emissions. Industry must accelerate high-quality development and the green and low-carbon transition, and strive to take the lead in peaking carbon dioxide emissions.
1．推動(dòng)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域綠色低碳發(fā)展。優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，加快退出落后產(chǎn)能，大力發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，加快傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)綠色低碳改造。促進(jìn)工業(yè)能源消費(fèi)低碳化，推動(dòng)化石能源清潔高效利用，提高可再生能源應(yīng)用比重，加強(qiáng)電力需求側(cè)管理，提升工業(yè)電氣化水平。深入實(shí)施綠色制造工程，大力推行綠色設(shè)計(jì)，完善綠色制造體系，建設(shè)綠色工廠和綠色工業(yè)園區(qū)。推進(jìn)工業(yè)領(lǐng)域數(shù)字化智能化綠色化融合發(fā)展，加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)行業(yè)和領(lǐng)域技術(shù)改造。
(a) Promoting green and low-carbon development in the industrial domain
We will optimize the industrial structure, accelerate efforts to eliminate outdated production capacity, vigorously develop strategic emerging industries, and speed up green and low-carbon transformation in traditional industries. We will spur industrial energy consumption to go low-carbon, promote clean and efficient use of fossil fuels, increase the proportion of renewable energy used, strengthen electricity demand-side management, and raise the level of industrial electrification. We will thoroughly implement the green manufacturing project, vigorously promote green design, refine the green manufacturing system, and build green factories and industrial parks. We will drive integrated development of digital, smart, and green technology in the industrial domain, and bolster technological transformation in key industries and sectors.
2．推動(dòng)鋼鐵行業(yè)碳達(dá)峰。深化鋼鐵行業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行產(chǎn)能置換，嚴(yán)禁新增產(chǎn)能，推進(jìn)存量優(yōu)化，淘汰落后產(chǎn)能。推進(jìn)鋼鐵企業(yè)跨地區(qū)、跨所有制兼并重組，提高行業(yè)集中度。優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)力布局，以京津冀及周邊地區(qū)為重點(diǎn)，繼續(xù)壓減鋼鐵產(chǎn)能。促進(jìn)鋼鐵行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化和清潔能源替代，大力推進(jìn)非高爐煉鐵技術(shù)示范，提升廢鋼資源回收利用水平，推行全廢鋼電爐工藝。推廣先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)，深挖節(jié)能降碳潛力，鼓勵(lì)鋼化聯(lián)產(chǎn)，探索開展氫冶金、二氧化碳捕集利用一體化等試點(diǎn)示范，推動(dòng)低品位余熱供暖發(fā)展。
(b) Pushing the steel industry to peak carbon dioxide emissions
We will deepen supply-side structural reform in the steel industry, rigorously execute production capacity replacement, strictly prohibit additional production capacity, push for the optimization of existing capacity, and retire outdated capacity. We will promote mergers and reorganization of steel enterprises across regions and ownership types, so as to make the industry more concentrated. We will optimize the layout of productive forces, and continue to push down steel production capacity with a particular focus on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas. We will spur structural optimization for steel industry and the substitution of clean energy, vigorously promote demonstrations of non-blast furnace technology, improve recycling and reuse of steel scrap, and advance the use of electric furnace which can be totally charged with steel scrap. We will drive the application of advanced and appropriate technologies, squeeze out all available potential for saving energy and cutting carbon emissions, encourage linking steel and chemical production, conduct integrated trials on hydrogen metallurgy and integrated capture and utilization of carbon dioxide, and promote heating development with low-grade residual heat.
3．推動(dòng)有色金屬行業(yè)碳達(dá)峰。鞏固化解電解鋁過剩產(chǎn)能成果，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行產(chǎn)能置換，嚴(yán)控新增產(chǎn)能。推進(jìn)清潔能源替代，提高水電、風(fēng)電、太陽能發(fā)電等應(yīng)用比重。加快再生有色金屬產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，完善廢棄有色金屬資源回收、分選和加工網(wǎng)絡(luò)，提高再生有色金屬產(chǎn)量。加快推廣應(yīng)用先進(jìn)適用綠色低碳技術(shù)，提升有色金屬生產(chǎn)過程余熱回收水平，推動(dòng)單位產(chǎn)品能耗持續(xù)下降。
(c) Pushing the non-ferrous metals industry to peak carbon dioxide emissions
Building on our success in addressing overcapacity in electrolytic aluminum production, we will rigorously execute capacity replacement and strictly control additional capacity. We will promote substitution of clean energy, and increase the proportion of hydro, wind, and solar-generated electricity used. We will accelerate the development of the regenerated non-ferrous metals processing industry, improve the network of recycling, sorting and processing of non-ferrous metals scrap, and increase output of recycled non-ferrous metals. We will move faster to spread the use of green and low-carbon technologies that are advanced and applicable, step up recycling of residual heat from the non-ferrous metal production process, and continue to cut energy consumption per unit of production.
4．推動(dòng)建材行業(yè)碳達(dá)峰。加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)能置換監(jiān)管，加快低效產(chǎn)能退出，嚴(yán)禁新增水泥熟料、平板玻璃產(chǎn)能，引導(dǎo)建材行業(yè)向輕型化、集約化、制品化轉(zhuǎn)型。推動(dòng)水泥錯(cuò)峰生產(chǎn)常態(tài)化，合理縮短水泥熟料裝置運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間。因地制宜利用風(fēng)能、太陽能等可再生能源，逐步提高電力、天然氣應(yīng)用比重。鼓勵(lì)建材企業(yè)使用粉煤灰、工業(yè)廢渣、尾礦渣等作為原料或水泥混合材。加快推進(jìn)綠色建材產(chǎn)品認(rèn)證和應(yīng)用推廣，加強(qiáng)新型膠凝材料、低碳混凝土、木竹建材等低碳建材產(chǎn)品研發(fā)應(yīng)用。推廣節(jié)能技術(shù)設(shè)備，開展能源管理體系建設(shè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能增效。
(d) Pushing the building materials industry to peak carbon dioxide emissions
We will strengthen oversight on production capacity replacement, move faster to eliminate low efficiency production capacity, strictly prohibit new cement clinker and flat glass production capacity, and guide the building materials industry in transitioning to become lighter, more intensive, and more product-oriented. We will promote making staggered production of cement a regular practice, and reasonably reduce the operating time of cement clinker equipment. We will utilize renewable energy like wind and solar according to local conditions, and gradually increase the proportion of electricity and natural gas in energy consumption. We will encourage building material enterprises to use coal fly ash, industrial waste residue, and mine tailings as raw materials or for mixing cement. We will speed up efforts to certify green building materials and spread their use, and accelerate the R&D and application of low-carbon gel material products like new binding materials, low-carbon concrete, and wood and bamboo building materials. We will expand the use of energy-saving technology and equipment and develop energy management systems to conserve energy and achieve higher efficiency.
5．推動(dòng)石化化工行業(yè)碳達(dá)峰。優(yōu)化產(chǎn)能規(guī)模和布局，加大落后產(chǎn)能淘汰力度，有效化解結(jié)構(gòu)性過剩矛盾。嚴(yán)格項(xiàng)目準(zhǔn)入，合理安排建設(shè)時(shí)序，嚴(yán)控新增煉油和傳統(tǒng)煤化工生產(chǎn)能力，穩(wěn)妥有序發(fā)展現(xiàn)代煤化工。引導(dǎo)企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變用能方式，鼓勵(lì)以電力、天然氣等替代煤炭。調(diào)整原料結(jié)構(gòu)，控制新增原料用煤，拓展富氫原料進(jìn)口來源，推動(dòng)石化化工原料輕質(zhì)化。優(yōu)化產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)，促進(jìn)石化化工與煤炭開采、冶金、建材、化纖等產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)同發(fā)展，加強(qiáng)煉廠干氣、液化氣等副產(chǎn)氣體高效利用。鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)節(jié)能升級改造，推動(dòng)能量梯級利用、物料循環(huán)利用。到2025年，國內(nèi)原油一次加工能力控制在10億噸以內(nèi)，主要產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)能利用率提升至80%以上。
(e) Pushing the petrochemical industry to peak carbon dioxide emissions
We will optimize the scale and layout of production capacity, step up efforts to retire outdated capacity, and address problems arising from structural overcapacity through effective measures. We will set strict thresholds on projects, appropriately arrange the timing of construction, strictly control additional production capacity in oil refining and traditional coal-based chemicals industry, and pursue development of a modern coal-based chemical industry in a steady and orderly manner. We will guide enterprises in shifting their energy use model, encouraging the substitution of sources like electricity and natural gas to coal. We will adjust the mix of raw materials, control additional use of coal, expand sources to import hydrogen-rich raw materials, and push for a transition to lighter raw materials in the petrochemical industry. We will optimize the product structure, promote coordinated development between the petrochemical industry and other industries including coal mining, metallurgy, building materials, and chemical fibers, and bolster efficient utilization of refinery byproducts such as dry gas and liquefied petroleum gas. We will encourage enterprises to carry out energy-saving upgrades, and promote cascading use of energy as well as circular use of materials. By 2025, domestic capacity for primary refining of crude oil will be kept below 1 billion metric tons, and the utilization rate of production capacity for main products will rise to 80% or more.
6．堅(jiān)決遏制“兩高”項(xiàng)目盲目發(fā)展。采取強(qiáng)有力措施，對“兩高”項(xiàng)目實(shí)行清單管理、分類處置、動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)控。全面排查在建項(xiàng)目，對能效水平低于本行業(yè)能耗限額準(zhǔn)入值的，按有關(guān)規(guī)定停工整改，推動(dòng)能效水平應(yīng)提盡提，力爭全面達(dá)到國內(nèi)乃至國際先進(jìn)水平?？茖W(xué)評估擬建項(xiàng)目，對產(chǎn)能已飽和的行業(yè)，按照“減量替代”原則壓減產(chǎn)能；對產(chǎn)能尚未飽和的行業(yè)，按照國家布局和審批備案等要求，對標(biāo)國際先進(jìn)水平提高準(zhǔn)入門檻；對能耗量較大的新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，支持引導(dǎo)企業(yè)應(yīng)用綠色低碳技術(shù)，提高能效水平。深入挖潛存量項(xiàng)目，加快淘汰落后產(chǎn)能，通過改造升級挖掘節(jié)能減排潛力。強(qiáng)化常態(tài)化監(jiān)管，堅(jiān)決拿下不符合要求的“兩高”項(xiàng)目。
(f) Firmly curbing the irrational expansion of energy-intensive and high-emission projects
Through forceful measures, we will implement list-based management and dynamic monitoring on energy-intensive and high-emission projects and handle them in a category-based manner. We will conduct a full investigation of ongoing projects, suspending operations in accordance with relevant regulations where energy efficiency levels are below the minimum threshold for the industry in question until problems are addressed. We will push for energy efficiency to be enhanced wherever possible, and strive to reach full compliance with advanced domestic and even international standards. We will scientifically assess planned projects. In industries where production capacity has already reached the point of saturation, we will push down capacity according to the “cut and replace” principle; in industries where capacity has not yet reached the point of saturation, we will raise thresholds to align with advanced international standards in accordance with national planning and review and filing requirements; and in emerging industries with relatively high energy consumption, we will provide guidance and support for enterprises in utilizing green and low-carbon technologies and raising energy efficiency. We will thoroughly tap into existing projects, accelerate efforts to phase-out outdated production capacity, and squeeze out potential for energy conservation and emissions reduction through upgrades. We will strengthen regular oversight, and rein in energy-intensive and high-emission projects that fail to meet requirements.
（四）城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)碳達(dá)峰行動(dòng)。
4. The action for peaking carbon dioxide emissions in urban-rural development area
加快推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)綠色低碳發(fā)展，城市更新和鄉(xiāng)村振興都要落實(shí)綠色低碳要求。
We will speed up green and low-carbon development in urban and rural areas, ensuring that urban renewal and rural revitalization both meet green and low-carbon requirements.
1．推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)綠色低碳轉(zhuǎn)型。推動(dòng)城市組團(tuán)式發(fā)展，科學(xué)確定建設(shè)規(guī)模，控制新增建設(shè)用地過快增長。倡導(dǎo)綠色低碳規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)理念，增強(qiáng)城鄉(xiāng)氣候韌性，建設(shè)海綿城市。推廣綠色低碳建材和綠色建造方式，加快推進(jìn)新型建筑工業(yè)化，大力發(fā)展裝配式建筑，推廣鋼結(jié)構(gòu)住宅，推動(dòng)建材循環(huán)利用，強(qiáng)化綠色設(shè)計(jì)和綠色施工管理。加強(qiáng)縣城綠色低碳建設(shè)。推動(dòng)建立以綠色低碳為導(dǎo)向的城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃建設(shè)管理機(jī)制，制定建筑拆除管理辦法，杜絕大拆大建。建設(shè)綠色城鎮(zhèn)、綠色社區(qū)。
(a) Promoting green and low-carbon transformation in urban and rural development
We will promote the development of city clusters, deciding the size of cities in a rational manner and curbing excessively rapid increase in the amount of incremental construction land. We will promote green and low-carbon concepts of planning and design, making urban and rural areas more climate resilient and developing sponge cities. We will expand the use of green and low-carbon building materials and green approaches of construction. We will promote the industrialization of new types of buildings, work harder to develop prefabricated buildings, build more steel structure houses, promote recycling of building materials, and intensify green design and construction management. We will strengthen green and low-carbon development of county towns. We will establish mechanisms for managing urban and rural planning and development that are geared toward green and low-carbon development. We will formulate regulations on the management of building demolition and put an end to demolition and construction of buildings on a large scale. We will work hard to develop green cities, towns, and communities.
2．加快提升建筑能效水平。加快更新建筑節(jié)能、市政基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，提高節(jié)能降碳要求。加強(qiáng)適用于不同氣候區(qū)、不同建筑類型的節(jié)能低碳技術(shù)研發(fā)和推廣，推動(dòng)超低能耗建筑、低碳建筑規(guī)?；l(fā)展。加快推進(jìn)居住建筑和公共建筑節(jié)能改造，持續(xù)推動(dòng)老舊供熱管網(wǎng)等市政基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施節(jié)能降碳改造。提升城鎮(zhèn)建筑和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施運(yùn)行管理智能化水平，加快推廣供熱計(jì)量收費(fèi)和合同能源管理，逐步開展公共建筑能耗限額管理。到2025年，城鎮(zhèn)新建建筑全面執(zhí)行綠色建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
(b) Accelerating building energy efficiency improvement
We will work faster to update standards in fields such as building energy efficiency and municipal infrastructure, instituting higher requirements for saving energy and reducing carbon emissions. We will step up the R&D and application of energy-saving and low-carbon technologies that can be used in various climatic regions and for different buildings in order to develop ultra-low-energy consumption and low-carbon buildings on a large scale. We will speed up renovation of residential and public buildings to achieve energy efficiency and continue to advance energy-saving and carbon-cutting upgrades of heating pipe networks and other municipal infrastructure. We will increase the intelligence level of managing the operations of urban buildings and infrastructure. We will move more quickly to expand the use of metered charging for heating and energy performance contracting, and gradually set energy consumption caps for public buildings. By 2025, all newly-constructed buildings in urban areas will meet green building standards.
3．加快優(yōu)化建筑用能結(jié)構(gòu)。深化可再生能源建筑應(yīng)用，推廣光伏發(fā)電與建筑一體化應(yīng)用。積極推動(dòng)嚴(yán)寒、寒冷地區(qū)清潔取暖，推進(jìn)熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)集中供暖，加快工業(yè)余熱供暖規(guī)?；瘧?yīng)用，積極穩(wěn)妥開展核能供熱示范，因地制宜推行熱泵、生物質(zhì)能、地?zé)崮?、太陽能等清潔低碳供暖。引?dǎo)夏熱冬冷地區(qū)科學(xué)取暖，因地制宜采用清潔高效取暖方式。提高建筑終端電氣化水平，建設(shè)集光伏發(fā)電、儲(chǔ)能、直流配電、柔性用電于一體的“光儲(chǔ)直柔”建筑。到2025年，城鎮(zhèn)建筑可再生能源替代率達(dá)到8%，新建公共機(jī)構(gòu)建筑、新建廠房屋頂光伏覆蓋率力爭達(dá)到50%。
(c) Accelerating the optimization of building energy consumption structure
We will work deeply to promote the use of renewable energy in buildings, and expand the integration of photovoltaics into buildings. We will actively promote clean energy heating in regions with cold and severe cold conditions. We will promote central heating with combined heat and power, and speed up the large-scale application of residual heat from industrial processes in heating systems. We will launch demonstrations of nuclear heating in an active and prudent manner, and promote clean, low-carbon heating using heat pumps, biomass, geothermal energy, and solar energy according to local conditions. We will guide regions with hot summers and cold winters in procuring heating through rational, clean, and highly efficient means based on their conditions. We will increase proportion of buildings’ energy consumption on electricity, and construct buildings integrating photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, DC power distribution, and flexible power consumption. By 2025, renewable resources will account for 8% of the alternative to conventional energy used in buildings, and we will strive to reach 50% photovoltaic coverage on the roofs of newly constructed public buildings and factories.
4．推進(jìn)農(nóng)村建設(shè)和用能低碳轉(zhuǎn)型。推進(jìn)綠色農(nóng)房建設(shè)，加快農(nóng)房節(jié)能改造。持續(xù)推進(jìn)農(nóng)村地區(qū)清潔取暖，因地制宜選擇適宜取暖方式。發(fā)展節(jié)能低碳農(nóng)業(yè)大棚。推廣節(jié)能環(huán)保灶具、電動(dòng)農(nóng)用車輛、節(jié)能環(huán)保農(nóng)機(jī)和漁船。加快生物質(zhì)能、太陽能等可再生能源在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)村生活中的應(yīng)用。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)建設(shè)，提升農(nóng)村用能電氣化水平。
(d) Promoting a low-carbon transition in rural development and energy consumption
We will spur the construction of environmentally-friendly rural housing, and speed up energy-saving upgrades on rural housing. We will advance clean energy heating in rural areas by adopting heating approaches suitable to local conditions. We will develop energy-saving, low-carbon greenhouses for agriculture and promote the use of energy-saving, eco-friendly cookers, electric agricultural vehicles, and energy-saving, eco-friendly agricultural machinery and fishing boats. We will speed up the application of renewable energy resources, such as biomass energy and solar energy, in agricultural production and daily life in rural areas. We will strengthen development of rural electrical grids so as to expand the share of electricity in rural energy consumption.
（五）交通運(yùn)輸綠色低碳行動(dòng)。
5. The action for promoting green and low-carbon transportation
加快形成綠色低碳運(yùn)輸方式，確保交通運(yùn)輸領(lǐng)域碳排放增長保持在合理區(qū)間。
We will move faster to develop green and low-carbon modes of transportation to keep the growth of carbon emissions in the transportation domain within an appropriate range.
1．推動(dòng)運(yùn)輸工具裝備低碳轉(zhuǎn)型。積極擴(kuò)大電力、氫能、天然氣、先進(jìn)生物液體燃料等新能源、清潔能源在交通運(yùn)輸領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用。大力推廣新能源汽車，逐步降低傳統(tǒng)燃油汽車在新車產(chǎn)銷和汽車保有量中的占比，推動(dòng)城市公共服務(wù)車輛電動(dòng)化替代，推廣電力、氫燃料、液化天然氣動(dòng)力重型貨運(yùn)車輛。提升鐵路系統(tǒng)電氣化水平。加快老舊船舶更新改造，發(fā)展電動(dòng)、液化天然氣動(dòng)力船舶，深入推進(jìn)船舶靠港使用岸電，因地制宜開展沿海、內(nèi)河綠色智能船舶示范應(yīng)用。提升機(jī)場運(yùn)行電動(dòng)化智能化水平，發(fā)展新能源航空器。到2030年，當(dāng)年新增新能源、清潔能源動(dòng)力的交通工具比例達(dá)到40%左右，營運(yùn)交通工具單位換算周轉(zhuǎn)量碳排放強(qiáng)度比2020年下降9.5%左右，國家鐵路單位換算周轉(zhuǎn)量綜合能耗比2020年下降10%。陸路交通運(yùn)輸石油消費(fèi)力爭2030年前達(dá)到峰值。
(a) Promoting low-carbon transformation of transportation vehicles and equipment
We will expand the application of new and clean energy in transportation, such as electricity, hydrogen power, natural gas, and advanced liquid biofuels. We will vigorously promote new-energy vehicles, while gradually reducing the proportion of cars that run on traditional oil-based fuels in new car sales and car ownership, promote the replacement of public service vehicles with electric vehicles and the use of heavy cargo trucks fueled by electricity, hydrogen fuel, and liquefied natural gas. We will make the railway system more electricity based. We will work faster to upgrade old ships, and develop ships fueled by electric power and liquefied natural gas. We will further promote the use of shore power by ships while in port. We will make in-depth efforts to advance demonstration and utilization of green, smart ships along coastline and inland waterways according to local conditions. We will work to make airport operations based increasingly on electric power and smart technology, and develop new-energy aircraft. By 2030, the share of incremental vehicles fueled by new and clean energy will reach around 40%, carbon emission intensity of commercial vehicles measured on the basis of converted turnover will be cut by about 9.5% compared with 2020, and comprehensive energy consumption of the national railways per unit of converted turnover will be cut by 10% compared with 2020. We will strive to reach a peak in petroleum consumption for land transportation before 2030.
2．構(gòu)建綠色高效交通運(yùn)輸體系。發(fā)展智能交通，推動(dòng)不同運(yùn)輸方式合理分工、有效銜接，降低空載率和不合理客貨運(yùn)周轉(zhuǎn)量。大力發(fā)展以鐵路、水路為骨干的多式聯(lián)運(yùn)，推進(jìn)工礦企業(yè)、港口、物流園區(qū)等鐵路專用線建設(shè)，加快內(nèi)河高等級航道網(wǎng)建設(shè)，加快大宗貨物和中長距離貨物運(yùn)輸“公轉(zhuǎn)鐵”、“公轉(zhuǎn)水”。加快先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)應(yīng)用，提升民航運(yùn)行管理效率，引導(dǎo)航空企業(yè)加強(qiáng)智慧運(yùn)行，實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)化節(jié)能降碳。加快城鄉(xiāng)物流配送體系建設(shè)，創(chuàng)新綠色低碳、集約高效的配送模式。打造高效銜接、快捷舒適的公共交通服務(wù)體系，積極引導(dǎo)公眾選擇綠色低碳交通方式。“十四五”期間，集裝箱鐵水聯(lián)運(yùn)量年均增長15%以上。到2030年，城區(qū)常住人口100萬以上的城市綠色出行比例不低于70%。
(b) Developing green, high efficiency transportation systems
We will develop smart transportation and promote rational division of functions and effective linkages between different means of transportation, so as to reduce empty-loading ratio and unreasonable turnover in passenger and freight transportation. We will make great effort to develop multimodal transportation with railway and waterway transportation as the mainstay. We will continue to construct special railway lines for industrial and mining enterprises, ports, and logistic parks, and accelerate development of high-level inland waterway networks so as to facilitate a shift in bulk cargo transportation and mid-long distance freight transportation from highways to railways and waterways. We will boost application of advanced and applicable technologies so as to make operation and management of civil aviation more efficient. We will guide businesses in the aviation sector in making their operations smarter and saving energy and reducing carbon emissions in a systematic manner. We will speed up development of the urban-rural logistics and distribution system, and create green and low-carbon, intensive, and highly efficient modes of distribution. We will develop public transport service systems that are fast, convenient, comfortable, and linked efficiently, and actively encourage people to choose green and low-carbon means of transportation. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the volume of rail-ship container transportation will increase above 15% annually. By 2030, no less than 70% of travel will be conducted through environmentally friendly means in cities with permanent populations of one million or more.
3．加快綠色交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。將綠色低碳理念貫穿于交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施規(guī)劃、建設(shè)、運(yùn)營和維護(hù)全過程，降低全生命周期能耗和碳排放。開展交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施綠色化提升改造，統(tǒng)籌利用綜合運(yùn)輸通道線位、土地、空域等資源，加大岸線、錨地等資源整合力度，提高利用效率。有序推進(jìn)充電樁、配套電網(wǎng)、加注（氣）站、加氫站等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，提升城市公共交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施水平。到2030年，民用運(yùn)輸機(jī)場場內(nèi)車輛裝備等力爭全面實(shí)現(xiàn)電動(dòng)化。
(c) Accelerating construction of green transport infrastructure
We will implement green and low-carbon thought throughout the whole process of planning, building, operating, and maintaining transport infrastructure, reducing lifecycle energy consumption and carbon emissions. We will carry out green and low-carbon transformation of transport infrastructure, and make utilization of infrastructure more efficient by coordinating the use of route, land, and airspace resources in comprehensive transportation corridors and integrating resources such as waterfront and anchorage. We will boost construction of infrastructure such as charging piles, supporting power grids, and natural gas and hydrogen fueling stations through an orderly approach to improve public transport infrastructure in urban areas. By 2030, all ground vehicles and equipment at civil airports will strive to be powered by electricity.
（六）循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)助力降碳行動(dòng)。
6. The action for promoting circular economy in carbon mitigation purpose
抓住資源利用這個(gè)源頭，大力發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)，全面提高資源利用效率，充分發(fā)揮減少資源消耗和降碳的協(xié)同作用。
Focusing on resource utilization as a key factor, we will push ahead with the development of the circular economy, and work toward an all-around improvement in the efficiency of resource utilization. In the process, we will fully leverage synergistic effects between efforts to reduce resource consumption and cut carbon emissions.
1．推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)循環(huán)化發(fā)展。以提升資源產(chǎn)出率和循環(huán)利用率為目標(biāo)，優(yōu)化園區(qū)空間布局，開展園區(qū)循環(huán)化改造。推動(dòng)園區(qū)企業(yè)循環(huán)式生產(chǎn)、產(chǎn)業(yè)循環(huán)式組合，組織企業(yè)實(shí)施清潔生產(chǎn)改造，促進(jìn)廢物綜合利用、能量梯級利用、水資源循環(huán)利用，推進(jìn)工業(yè)余壓余熱、廢氣廢液廢渣資源化利用，積極推廣集中供氣供熱。搭建基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)共享平臺，加強(qiáng)園區(qū)物質(zhì)流管理。到2030年，省級以上重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)全部實(shí)施循環(huán)化改造。
(a) Pushing industrial parks to develop in a circular manner
Setting our sights on enhancing the productivity of resources and raising the rate at which they are recycled, we will optimize the spatial layout of industrial parks, and retrofit these parks to facilitate circular production. Circular production in enterprises and circular organization of industries in these parks will be encouraged as well, and arrangements will be made for enterprises to conduct retrofits for clean production. We will promote the comprehensive utilization of waste, cascading use of energy, and circular use of water resources. To be specific, we will facilitate the recycling of residual heat and pressure as well as waste gas, liquid, and slag from industrial processes, and actively expand the application of centralized gas and heating supply. We will set up platforms for sharing infrastructure and public services, and strengthen the management of material flow in parks. By 2030, all key industrial parks at the provincial level or above will be upgraded to support circular operations.
2．加強(qiáng)大宗固廢綜合利用。提高礦產(chǎn)資源綜合開發(fā)利用水平和綜合利用率，以煤矸石、粉煤灰、尾礦、共伴生礦、冶煉渣、工業(yè)副產(chǎn)石膏、建筑垃圾、農(nóng)作物秸稈等大宗固廢為重點(diǎn)，支持大摻量、規(guī)?；⒏咧祷?，鼓勵(lì)應(yīng)用于替代原生非金屬礦、砂石等資源。在確保安全環(huán)保前提下，探索將磷石膏應(yīng)用于土壤改良、井下充填、路基修筑等。推動(dòng)建筑垃圾資源化利用，推廣廢棄路面材料原地再生利用。加快推進(jìn)秸稈高值化利用，完善收儲(chǔ)運(yùn)體系，嚴(yán)格禁燒管控。加快大宗固廢綜合利用示范建設(shè)。到2025年，大宗固廢年利用量達(dá)到40億噸左右；到2030年，年利用量達(dá)到45億噸左右。
(b) Strengthening the comprehensive use of bulk solid waste
We will enhance the comprehensive utilization level and increase the multipurpose utilization rates of mineral resources. We will support the large-scale utilization of waste in manner that maximizes proportion and value with a focus on bulk solid wastes including coal gangue, coal fly ash, tailings, associated minerals, smelting slag, byproduct gypsum, construction refuse, and crop straw, and encourage the use of such waste as a substitute for raw non-metallic minerals and gravel. On the condition of being safe and eco-friendly, we will explore the use of phosphogypsum in improving soil, back filling underground mines, and preparing sub-grade for roads. The recycling of construction wastes will be promoted, and the in-situ reclamation and use of abandoned pavement materials will be widely applied. We will accelerate the recycling of crop straw in a way that maximizes its value by refining systems for purchase, storage, and transportation, while strictly enforcing the burning ban. We will also speed up efforts to carry out demonstration projects for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste. By 2025, the amount of bulk solid waste recycled annually will reach around 4 billion metric tons, rising to about 4.5 billion by 2030.
3．健全資源循環(huán)利用體系。完善廢舊物資回收網(wǎng)絡(luò)，推行“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”回收模式，實(shí)現(xiàn)再生資源應(yīng)收盡收。加強(qiáng)再生資源綜合利用行業(yè)規(guī)范管理，促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚發(fā)展。高水平建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化“城市礦產(chǎn)”基地，推動(dòng)再生資源規(guī)范化、規(guī)?；⑶鍧嵒?。推進(jìn)退役動(dòng)力電池、光伏組件、風(fēng)電機(jī)組葉片等新興產(chǎn)業(yè)廢物循環(huán)利用。促進(jìn)汽車零部件、工程機(jī)械、文辦設(shè)備等再制造產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。加強(qiáng)資源再生產(chǎn)品和再制造產(chǎn)品推廣應(yīng)用。到2025年，廢鋼鐵、廢銅、廢鋁、廢鉛、廢鋅、廢紙、廢塑料、廢橡膠、廢玻璃等9種主要再生資源循環(huán)利用量達(dá)到4.5億噸，到2030年達(dá)到5.1億噸。
(c) Refining systems for resource recycling
We will improve recycling networks for used materials and waste, and put an “Internet +” recycling model into practice, thus realizing the reclamation of renewable resources to the fullest possible extent. We will strengthen the standardized management of industries related to the comprehensive utilization of renewable resources in order to foster industry clusters. We will advance the high-standard construction of modernized centers for recovering mineral resources from urban waste, and promote the clean, standardized, and large-scale use of renewable resources. We will push forward circular utilization of waste from emerging industries such as decommissioned batteries, photovoltaic modules, and rotor blades of wind turbines. We will also drive high-quality development of remanufacturing industries such as auto parts, engineering machinery, and stationery and office equipment. We will expand the use of remanufactured products and products made from recycled resources. By 2025, the total amount of nine major reusable resources including steel scrap, cooper, aluminum, lead, zinc, waste paper, plastic, rubber, and glass recycled will top 450 million metric tons, reaching 510 million by 2030.
4．大力推進(jìn)生活垃圾減量化資源化。扎實(shí)推進(jìn)生活垃圾分類，加快建立覆蓋全社會(huì)的生活垃圾收運(yùn)處置體系，全面實(shí)現(xiàn)分類投放、分類收集、分類運(yùn)輸、分類處理。加強(qiáng)塑料污染全鏈條治理，整治過度包裝，推動(dòng)生活垃圾源頭減量。推進(jìn)生活垃圾焚燒處理，降低填埋比例，探索適合我國廚余垃圾特性的資源化利用技術(shù)。推進(jìn)污水資源化利用。到2025年，城市生活垃圾分類體系基本健全，生活垃圾資源化利用比例提升至60%左右。到2030年，城市生活垃圾分類實(shí)現(xiàn)全覆蓋，生活垃圾資源化利用比例提升至65%。
(d) Vigorously promoting efforts to reduce and recycle household waste
We will move steadily ahead with the sorting of household waste, and work faster to establish collection, transportation, and disposal systems for household waste covering all of society, thereby ensuring that all household waste can be discarded, collected, transported, and disposed of in a well-sorted manner. We will intensify efforts to control plastic pollution throughout the entire process from production to recycling, and take action against excessive packaging, so as to reduce the amount of household waste from this source. We will promote incineration of household waste, bring down the proportion of waste disposed in landfills, and develop recycling technology that is tailored to the peculiarities of kitchen waste in China. The recycling of sewage will also be advanced. By 2025, a basic sorting system for urban household waste will be established, with the reclamation rate up to about 60%. By 2030, the sorting system for urban household waste will cover all cities, and the reclamation rate will rise to 65%.
（七）綠色低碳科技創(chuàng)新行動(dòng)。
7. The action for advancing green and low-carbon technology innovation
發(fā)揮科技創(chuàng)新的支撐引領(lǐng)作用，完善科技創(chuàng)新體制機(jī)制，強(qiáng)化創(chuàng)新能力，加快綠色低碳科技革命。
We will give full play to the supporting and guiding role of scientific and technological innovation and improve the relevant mechanisms and systems, so as to enhance our innovation capability and accelerate the revolution in green and low-carbon science and technology.
1．完善創(chuàng)新體制機(jī)制。制定科技支撐碳達(dá)峰碳中和行動(dòng)方案，在國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃中設(shè)立碳達(dá)峰碳中和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究與示范等重點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)，采取“揭榜掛帥”機(jī)制，開展低碳零碳負(fù)碳關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)。將綠色低碳技術(shù)創(chuàng)新成果納入高等學(xué)校、科研單位、國有企業(yè)有關(guān)績效考核。強(qiáng)化企業(yè)創(chuàng)新主體地位，支持企業(yè)承擔(dān)國家綠色低碳重大科技項(xiàng)目，鼓勵(lì)設(shè)施、數(shù)據(jù)等資源開放共享。推進(jìn)國家綠色技術(shù)交易中心建設(shè)，加快創(chuàng)新成果轉(zhuǎn)化。加強(qiáng)綠色低碳技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)。完善綠色低碳技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品檢測、評估、認(rèn)證體系。
(a) Improving innovation mechanisms and systems
An action plan will be formulated to ensure that science and technology support and guide China’s achievement of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. Major R&D and demonstration projects for key technologies related to the achievement of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality will be set up in national key R&D programs, making use of open competition mechanisms to select the best candidates to lead the projects, and intensifying core technology research for reaching low carbon, zero carbon, and carbon negative. Achievements in green and low-carbon technological innovation will be included in the performance assessments of institutions of universities, scientific and research institutes, and state-owned enterprises. We will boost the principal role of enterprises in innovation, support their participation in major national green and low-carbon science and technology projects, and encourage the sharing of facilities, data, and other resources. A national green technology trade center will be set up to accelerate the commercialization of innovations. The intellectual property rights protection for green and low-carbon technologies and products will be strengthened, and the testing, evaluation, and certification systems for them will be improved.
2．加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新能力建設(shè)和人才培養(yǎng)。組建碳達(dá)峰碳中和相關(guān)國家實(shí)驗(yàn)室、國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室和國家技術(shù)創(chuàng)新中心，適度超前布局國家重大科技基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，引導(dǎo)企業(yè)、高等學(xué)校、科研單位共建一批國家綠色低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新中心。創(chuàng)新人才培養(yǎng)模式，鼓勵(lì)高等學(xué)校加快新能源、儲(chǔ)能、氫能、碳減排、碳匯、碳排放權(quán)交易等學(xué)科建設(shè)和人才培養(yǎng)，建設(shè)一批綠色低碳領(lǐng)域未來技術(shù)學(xué)院、現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)學(xué)院和示范性能源學(xué)院。深化產(chǎn)教融合，鼓勵(lì)校企聯(lián)合開展產(chǎn)學(xué)合作協(xié)同育人項(xiàng)目，組建碳達(dá)峰碳中和產(chǎn)教融合發(fā)展聯(lián)盟，建設(shè)一批國家儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)產(chǎn)教融合創(chuàng)新平臺。
(b) Enhancing innovation capability and personnel training
National laboratories, key national laboratories, and national technology innovation centers related to the realization of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality will be set up, relevant major national science and technology infrastructure will be planned in advance, and enterprises, universities, and research institutes will be guided in a joint effort to build national green and low-carbon industrial innovation centers. We will develop new approaches in personnel training, encourage institutions of universities to accelerate discipline development and talent training in new energy, energy storage, hydrogen energy, carbon emissions mitigation, carbon sinks, and the carbon emission trading, and establish a group of future institutes of technology, modern industrial institutes, and demonstration energy institutes focusing on green and low-carbon technologies. We will deepen industry-education integration, encourage school-enterprise cooperation in educating students, launch an alliance for industry-education integration on the realization of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality, and set up a number of national innovation platforms for industry-education integration on energy storage technology.
3．強(qiáng)化應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究。實(shí)施一批具有前瞻性、戰(zhàn)略性的國家重大前沿科技項(xiàng)目，推動(dòng)低碳零碳負(fù)碳技術(shù)裝備研發(fā)取得突破性進(jìn)展。聚焦化石能源綠色智能開發(fā)和清潔低碳利用、可再生能源大規(guī)模利用、新型電力系統(tǒng)、節(jié)能、氫能、儲(chǔ)能、動(dòng)力電池、二氧化碳捕集利用與封存等重點(diǎn)，深化應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究。積極研發(fā)先進(jìn)核電技術(shù)，加強(qiáng)可控核聚變等前沿顛覆性技術(shù)研究。
(c) Boosting application-oriented basic research
We will launch a group of major national projects for forward-looking, strategically important cutting-edge technologies with a view to making breakthroughs in low-carbon, zero-carbon, and carbon-negative technological equipment R&D. Focusing on green and smart development and the clean, low-carbon utilization of fossil energy, large-scale utilization of renewable energy, new types of power system, energy conservation, hydrogen energy, energy storage, power batteries, and carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage, we will deepen application-oriented basic research. We will step up R&D in advanced nuclear energy technology, particularly cutting edge and disruptive technologies such as controlled nuclear fusion.
4．加快先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)研發(fā)和推廣應(yīng)用。集中力量開展復(fù)雜大電網(wǎng)安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行和控制、大容量風(fēng)電、高效光伏、大功率液化天然氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、大容量儲(chǔ)能、低成本可再生能源制氫、低成本二氧化碳捕集利用與封存等技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，加快碳纖維、氣凝膠、特種鋼材等基礎(chǔ)材料研發(fā)，補(bǔ)齊關(guān)鍵零部件、元器件、軟件等短板。推廣先進(jìn)成熟綠色低碳技術(shù)，開展示范應(yīng)用。建設(shè)全流程、集成化、規(guī)?；趸疾都门c封存示范項(xiàng)目。推進(jìn)熔鹽儲(chǔ)能供熱和發(fā)電示范應(yīng)用。加快氫能技術(shù)研發(fā)和示范應(yīng)用，探索在工業(yè)、交通運(yùn)輸、建筑等領(lǐng)域規(guī)?；瘧?yīng)用。
(d) Accelerating the R&D and wider application of advanced practical technologies
We will intensify innovation on technologies, particularly into the safe, stable operation and control of major complex power grids, large wind farms, high-efficiency photovoltaic panels, heavy-duty liquefied natural gas engines, large capacity energy storage, low-cost hydrogen production from renewable energy sources, and low-cost carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage; accelerate R&D in basic materials such as carbon fiber, aerogel, and special steel; and shore up our short slab in key spare parts, components, and software. We will broaden the application of advanced, mature green and low-carbon technologies and carry out related demonstrations. We will carry out demonstration projects for whole-process, integrated, and large-scale carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage as well as demonstrations for the application of molten salt storage for heat supply and power generation. R&D into hydrogen energy technology and its demonstrations applications will be accelerated, and its large-scale application will be trialed in industry, transportation, and construction.
（八）碳匯能力鞏固提升行動(dòng)。
8. The action for consolidating and enhancing carbon sink
堅(jiān)持系統(tǒng)觀念，推進(jìn)山水林田湖草沙一體化保護(hù)和修復(fù)，提高生態(tài)系統(tǒng)質(zhì)量和穩(wěn)定性，提升生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳匯增量。
We will apply systems thinking, and adopt a holistic approach to the conservation of mountain, river, forest, farmland, lake, grassland, and desert ecosystems. Efforts will be made to improve the quality and stability and the carbon sink capacity of our ecosystems.
1．鞏固生態(tài)系統(tǒng)固碳作用。結(jié)合國土空間規(guī)劃編制和實(shí)施，構(gòu)建有利于碳達(dá)峰、碳中和的國土空間開發(fā)保護(hù)格局。嚴(yán)守生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線，嚴(yán)控生態(tài)空間占用，建立以國家公園為主體的自然保護(hù)地體系，穩(wěn)定現(xiàn)有森林、草原、濕地、海洋、土壤、凍土、巖溶等固碳作用。嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行土地使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，加強(qiáng)節(jié)約集約用地評價(jià)，推廣節(jié)地技術(shù)和節(jié)地模式。
(a) Consolidating the carbon sequestration capacity of ecosystems
By making and implementing China’s territorial space plans, we will work to form a new model of development and protection, which is conducive to peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. We must strictly enforce red lines in ecological conservation, control the use of ecological spaces, and build a nature reserve system centered on national parks, to stabilize the carbon sequestration ability of forests, grasslands, rivers and lakes, wetlands, oceans, soil, permafrost, and karst areas. We must strictly implement standards for land use, promote economical and intensive use of land, and spread relevant technologies and practices.
2．提升生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳匯能力。實(shí)施生態(tài)保護(hù)修復(fù)重大工程。深入推進(jìn)大規(guī)模國土綠化行動(dòng)，鞏固退耕還林還草成果，擴(kuò)大林草資源總量。強(qiáng)化森林資源保護(hù)，實(shí)施森林質(zhì)量精準(zhǔn)提升工程，提高森林質(zhì)量和穩(wěn)定性。加強(qiáng)草原生態(tài)保護(hù)修復(fù)，提高草原綜合植被蓋度。加強(qiáng)河湖、濕地保護(hù)修復(fù)。整體推進(jìn)海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護(hù)和修復(fù)，提升紅樹林、海草床、鹽沼等固碳能力。加強(qiáng)退化土地修復(fù)治理，開展荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失綜合治理，實(shí)施歷史遺留礦山生態(tài)修復(fù)工程。到2030年，全國森林覆蓋率達(dá)到25%左右，森林蓄積量達(dá)到190億立方米。
(b) Enhancing the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems
We will carry out large-scale programs to protect and restore major ecosystems. We will push ahead with large-scale afforestation, and consolidate achievements already made in returning marginal farmland to forests and grasslands, to increase forest and grassland resources. We will strengthen forest protection, and take targeted measures to improve the quality of our forests, so as to enhance the quality and stability of forests. We will step up efforts to protect and restore grassland ecosystems, and increase the overall vegetation coverage of grasslands. We will strengthen the protection and restoration of rivers, lakes, and wetlands. We will comprehensively protect and restore marine ecosystems, improve the carbon sequestration capacity of mangroves, seagrass beds, and salt marshes. We will move forward with efforts to restore and improve degraded land, and make comprehensive efforts to curb desertification, rocky desertification, and soil erosion. We will work to improve and restore environments surrounding abandoned mining areas. We will expand forest coverage around 25% of China’s total land area and increase forest stock volume to 19 billion cubic meters by 2030.
3．加強(qiáng)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳匯基礎(chǔ)支撐。依托和拓展自然資源調(diào)查監(jiān)測體系，利用好國家林草生態(tài)綜合監(jiān)測評價(jià)成果，建立生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳匯監(jiān)測核算體系，開展森林、草原、濕地、海洋、土壤、凍土、巖溶等碳匯本底調(diào)查、碳儲(chǔ)量評估、潛力分析，實(shí)施生態(tài)保護(hù)修復(fù)碳匯成效監(jiān)測評估。加強(qiáng)陸地和海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳匯基礎(chǔ)理論、基礎(chǔ)方法、前沿顛覆性技術(shù)研究。建立健全能夠體現(xiàn)碳匯價(jià)值的生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，研究制定碳匯項(xiàng)目參與全國碳排放權(quán)交易相關(guān)規(guī)則。
(c) Strengthening the foundation for ecological system carbon sinks
Based on and supported by the systems for investigating and monitoring natural resources, we will make good use of the results of national comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of forest and grassland ecosystems, and develop a system for monitoring and accounting the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems. We will carry out background surveys of carbon sink in forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans, soil, permafrost, and karst areas, evaluate their stock, and analyze their potential. We will also monitor and evaluate carbon sink capacities of protected and restored ecosystems. We will strengthen research on basic theories, basic methods, and cutting-edge disruptive technologies in relation to carbon sinks in land and marine ecosystems. We will improve mechanisms for ecological compensation, with a focus on measuring the value of carbon sinks. We will work to establish rules for carbon sink projects involving in national carbon market.
4．推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村減排固碳。大力發(fā)展綠色低碳循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè)，推進(jìn)農(nóng)光互補(bǔ)、“光伏+設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)”、“海上風(fēng)電+海洋牧場”等低碳農(nóng)業(yè)模式。研發(fā)應(yīng)用增匯型農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)。開展耕地質(zhì)量提升行動(dòng)，實(shí)施國家黑土地保護(hù)工程，提升土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量。合理控制化肥、農(nóng)藥、地膜使用量，實(shí)施化肥農(nóng)藥減量替代計(jì)劃，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)作物秸稈綜合利用和畜禽糞污資源化利用。
(d) Promoting carbon emissions reduction and carbon sequestration in agriculture and rural areas
We will step up efforts to develop green, low-carbon and circular agriculture, and support low-carbon modes such as agricultural photovoltaics, the integration of photovoltaic power and protected agriculture, and the combination of offshore wind farms and marine ranches. We will research applied agricultural technologies that can increase carbon sequestration. We will improve the quality of cropland and protect China’s chernozem soils, to enhance soil organic carbon content. We will appropriately control the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural plastic sheeting, carry out plans for replacing conventional fertilizers and pesticides with organic alternatives, and step up efforts to recycle and comprehensively utilize resources from crop straw and livestock and poultry waste.
（九）綠色低碳全民行動(dòng)。
9. The action for green and low-carbon society
增強(qiáng)全民節(jié)約意識、環(huán)保意識、生態(tài)意識，倡導(dǎo)簡約適度、綠色低碳、文明健康的生活方式，把綠色理念轉(zhuǎn)化為全體人民的自覺行動(dòng)。
We will raise public awareness of the need to conserve resources, protect the environment, and maintain the ecosystems, and encourage simple, moderate, green, low-carbon and healthy ways of life, so that the people become more active in pursuing green development.
1．加強(qiáng)生態(tài)文明宣傳教育。將生態(tài)文明教育納入國民教育體系，開展多種形式的資源環(huán)境國情教育，普及碳達(dá)峰、碳中和基礎(chǔ)知識。加強(qiáng)對公眾的生態(tài)文明科普教育，將綠色低碳理念有機(jī)融入文藝作品，制作文創(chuàng)產(chǎn)品和公益廣告，持續(xù)開展世界地球日、世界環(huán)境日、全國節(jié)能宣傳周、全國低碳日等主題宣傳活動(dòng)，增強(qiáng)社會(huì)公眾綠色低碳意識，推動(dòng)生態(tài)文明理念更加深入人心。
(a) Strengthening publicity and education for ecological civilization
We will incorporate education on ecological civilization into the national education system, inform the public of China’s current situation in terms of resources and the environment in various ways, and help them better understand peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. We will raise awareness on ecological civilization, and ensure that literary and artistic works reflect our green and low-carbon direction. We will develop related cultural and creative products and public service advertisements, and continue to carry out themed campaigns including Earth Day, World Environment Day, National Energy-Saving Week, and National Low-Carbon Day, so as to raise public awareness of green and low-carbon development and spur public enthusiasm for ecological civilization.
2．推廣綠色低碳生活方式。堅(jiān)決遏制奢侈浪費(fèi)和不合理消費(fèi)，著力破除奢靡鋪張的歪風(fēng)陋習(xí)，堅(jiān)決制止餐飲浪費(fèi)行為。在全社會(huì)倡導(dǎo)節(jié)約用能，開展綠色低碳社會(huì)行動(dòng)示范創(chuàng)建，深入推進(jìn)綠色生活創(chuàng)建行動(dòng)，評選宣傳一批優(yōu)秀示范典型，營造綠色低碳生活新風(fēng)尚。大力發(fā)展綠色消費(fèi)，推廣綠色低碳產(chǎn)品，完善綠色產(chǎn)品認(rèn)證與標(biāo)識制度。提升綠色產(chǎn)品在政府采購中的比例。
(b) Advocating green and low-carbon living patterns
We must curb luxury, waste, and unnecessary consumption, put a resolute stop to wasteful behaviors, and work tirelessly to reduce food waste in the catering industry. We will promote energy conservation throughout whole society, launch demonstration campaigns to build a green and low-carbon society, intensify initiatives to promote eco-friendly living patterns, select and publicize a group of role models, and foster new trends for green and low-carbon living patterns. We will vigorously expand green consumption, promote green and low-carbon products, and improve the system for green product certifications and labels. We will increase green government procurement rate.
3．引導(dǎo)企業(yè)履行社會(huì)責(zé)任。引導(dǎo)企業(yè)主動(dòng)適應(yīng)綠色低碳發(fā)展要求，強(qiáng)化環(huán)境責(zé)任意識，加強(qiáng)能源資源節(jié)約，提升綠色創(chuàng)新水平。重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域國有企業(yè)特別是中央企業(yè)要制定實(shí)施企業(yè)碳達(dá)峰行動(dòng)方案，發(fā)揮示范引領(lǐng)作用。重點(diǎn)用能單位要梳理核算自身碳排放情況，深入研究碳減排路徑，“一企一策”制定專項(xiàng)工作方案，推進(jìn)節(jié)能降碳。相關(guān)上市公司和發(fā)債企業(yè)要按照環(huán)境信息依法披露要求，定期公布企業(yè)碳排放信息。充分發(fā)揮行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)等社會(huì)團(tuán)體作用，督促企業(yè)自覺履行社會(huì)責(zé)任。
(c) Encouraging enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities
We will encourage enterprises to take proactive steps to meet needs for green and low-carbon development, shoulder more responsibility for environmental protection, strengthen energy and resource conservation, and take green innovation initiatives to the next level. State-owned enterprises in key areas, especially those managed by the central government, should draw up peaking carbon dioxide emissions action plans and strengthen their ability to take the lead and offer guidance. Major energy consumers should review and account for their own carbon emissions, further explore ways to cut emissions, and formulate dedicated work plans tailored to their specific conditions to advance efforts in energy conservation and emissions reduction. Relevant listed and bond-issuing companies should disclose their carbon emissions according to requirements of environmental information disclosure laws. We will support industry associations and other similar social organizations in encouraging enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities.
4．強(qiáng)化領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部培訓(xùn)。將學(xué)習(xí)貫徹習(xí)近平生態(tài)文明思想作為干部教育培訓(xùn)的重要內(nèi)容，各級黨校（行政學(xué)院）要把碳達(dá)峰、碳中和相關(guān)內(nèi)容列入教學(xué)計(jì)劃，分階段、多層次對各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部開展培訓(xùn)，普及科學(xué)知識，宣講政策要點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)化法治意識，深化各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部對碳達(dá)峰、碳中和工作重要性、緊迫性、科學(xué)性、系統(tǒng)性的認(rèn)識。從事綠色低碳發(fā)展相關(guān)工作的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部要盡快提升專業(yè)素養(yǎng)和業(yè)務(wù)能力，切實(shí)增強(qiáng)推動(dòng)綠色低碳發(fā)展的本領(lǐng)。
(d) Increasing training for cadres
We will designate Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization as a core part of education and training for officials. Party schools and academies of governance at all levels should include peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality in their programs and conduct phased training for officials at all levels. The training should popularize scientific knowledge, explain policy priorities, raise officials’ rule of law awareness, and deepen their understanding of the importance, urgency, scientific essence, and systematic approaches of work related to peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. Leading officials in charge of green and low-carbon development should improve their professional competence and abilities as soon as possible to effectively fulfill their duties.
（十）各地區(qū)梯次有序碳達(dá)峰行動(dòng)。
10. The action for promoting all regions to peak carbon dioxide emissions hierarchically and orderly
各地區(qū)要準(zhǔn)確把握自身發(fā)展定位，結(jié)合本地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展實(shí)際和資源環(huán)境稟賦，堅(jiān)持分類施策、因地制宜、上下聯(lián)動(dòng)，梯次有序推進(jìn)碳達(dá)峰。
All regions should clarify their development priorities by taking into account their economic and social development status and resource and environmental endowments, and proceed toward peaking carbon dioxide emissions with a categorized, region-specific, orderly approach in phases through coordination between different levels of government.
1．科學(xué)合理確定有序達(dá)峰目標(biāo)。碳排放已經(jīng)基本穩(wěn)定的地區(qū)要鞏固減排成果，在率先實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步降低碳排放。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)較輕、能源結(jié)構(gòu)較優(yōu)的地區(qū)要堅(jiān)持綠色低碳發(fā)展，堅(jiān)決不走依靠“兩高”項(xiàng)目拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的老路，力爭率先實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)偏重、能源結(jié)構(gòu)偏煤的地區(qū)和資源型地區(qū)要把節(jié)能降碳擺在突出位置，大力優(yōu)化調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和能源結(jié)構(gòu)，逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)碳排放增長與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長脫鉤，力爭與全國同步實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰。
(a) Setting sound, systematic targets
In areas where carbon emissions have been generally stabilized, we need to consolidate our achievements in emission reductions, and continue to cut down carbon emissions after firstly realizing peak carbon emissions. In areas with a relatively light industrial structure and an optimal energy mix, we need to stick to a path of green and low-carbon development, resolve not to follow the old path of relying on energy-intensive, high-emission projects to fuel economic growth, and above all, strive to peak carbon dioxide emissions. In areas with a heavy industrial structure or coal-dominant energy mix, and in areas that are economically reliant on local resources, we need to prioritize energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction, do our utmost to improve the industrial structure and energy mix, gradually decouple economic growth from carbon emissions growth, and endeavor to peak carbon dioxide emissions in line with the rest of China.
2．因地制宜推進(jìn)綠色低碳發(fā)展。各地區(qū)要結(jié)合區(qū)域重大戰(zhàn)略、區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和主體功能區(qū)戰(zhàn)略，從實(shí)際出發(fā)推進(jìn)本地區(qū)綠色低碳發(fā)展。京津冀、長三角、粵港澳大灣區(qū)等區(qū)域要發(fā)揮高質(zhì)量發(fā)展動(dòng)力源和增長極作用，率先推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展全面綠色轉(zhuǎn)型。長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶、黃河流域和國家生態(tài)文明試驗(yàn)區(qū)要嚴(yán)格落實(shí)生態(tài)優(yōu)先、綠色發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略導(dǎo)向，在綠色低碳發(fā)展方面走在全國前列。中西部和東北地區(qū)要著力優(yōu)化能源結(jié)構(gòu)，按照產(chǎn)業(yè)政策和能耗雙控要求，有序推動(dòng)高耗能行業(yè)向清潔能源優(yōu)勢地區(qū)集中，積極培育綠色發(fā)展動(dòng)能。
(b) Promoting green and low-carbon development according to local conditions
In light of major regional strategies along with the strategy for coordinated regional development and the functional zoning strategy, all local governments should promote green and low-carbon development that is based on their own local realities. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area etc. will play their roles as drivers and growth poles for China’s high-quality development and lead the way in promoting an overall green transformation of economic and social development. The Yangtze Economic Belt, the Yellow River Basin, and the national ecological civilization pilot zones will strictly follow the strategic guidance to prioritize ecological conservation and boost green development, and take the lead in China’s drive to pursue a green and low-carbon development. In line with state industrial policies and requirements for controlling both the total amount and intensity of energy consumption and striving to improve the energy consumption structure, the central and western regions and northeast China will relocate energy-intensive industries to areas with clean energy potentials in an orderly manner and proactively foster new drivers for green development.
3．上下聯(lián)動(dòng)制定地方達(dá)峰方案。各省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府要按照國家總體部署，結(jié)合本地區(qū)資源環(huán)境稟賦、產(chǎn)業(yè)布局、發(fā)展階段等，堅(jiān)持全國一盤棋，不搶跑，科學(xué)制定本地區(qū)碳達(dá)峰行動(dòng)方案，提出符合實(shí)際、切實(shí)可行的碳達(dá)峰時(shí)間表、路線圖、施工圖，避免“一刀切”限電限產(chǎn)或運(yùn)動(dòng)式“減碳”。各地區(qū)碳達(dá)峰行動(dòng)方案經(jīng)碳達(dá)峰碳中和工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組綜合平衡、審核通過后，由地方自行印發(fā)實(shí)施。
(c) Formulating local peaking carbon dioxide emissions plans through coordination between central and local authorities
The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government will follow the overall plans and requirements of the state and take into consideration local resource endowments, industrial layouts, and development stages, considering whole-of-nation approach and avoiding “jump the gun,” to formulate their peaking carbon dioxide emissions action plans and set out pragmatic timetables, road maps, and blueprints. We must avoid “one size fitting all” approach for electricity consumption restriction and industrial production restriction, and must avoid campaign-style carbon mitigation. Upon the overall assessment and approval by the Leading Group on Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality (hereinafter referred to as the Leading Group) for realizing peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality, regional peaking carbon dioxide emissions action plans will be published and implemented by local governments.
4．組織開展碳達(dá)峰試點(diǎn)建設(shè)。加大中央對地方推進(jìn)碳達(dá)峰的支持力度，選擇100個(gè)具有典型代表性的城市和園區(qū)開展碳達(dá)峰試點(diǎn)建設(shè)，在政策、資金、技術(shù)等方面對試點(diǎn)城市和園區(qū)給予支持，加快實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色低碳轉(zhuǎn)型，為全國提供可操作、可復(fù)制、可推廣的經(jīng)驗(yàn)做法。
(d) Carrying out pilot projects
The central government will provide more support for local governments to help them reach peaking carbon dioxide emissions. A total of 100 pilot cities and industrial parks will be designated and given support in terms of policy, funding, and technology to launch peaking carbon dioxide emissions trials, so that they will move faster toward their green and low-carbon goals and provide transferable experience that can be applied elsewhere in China.
四、國際合作
IV. International Cooperation
（一）深度參與全球氣候治理。大力宣傳習(xí)近平生態(tài)文明思想，分享中國生態(tài)文明、綠色發(fā)展理念與實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，為建設(shè)清潔美麗世界貢獻(xiàn)中國智慧、中國方案、中國力量，共同構(gòu)建人與自然生命共同體。主動(dòng)參與全球綠色治理體系建設(shè)，堅(jiān)持共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任原則、公平原則和各自能力原則，堅(jiān)持多邊主義，維護(hù)以聯(lián)合國為核心的國際體系，推動(dòng)各方全面履行《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》及其《巴黎協(xié)定》。積極參與國際航運(yùn)、航空減排談判。
1. Participating in global climate governance
In enthusiastically communicating to the public Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization, we are willing to share with others our concept and practices of pursuing ecological progress and green development, to contribute China’s wisdom, approach and strength to building a clean and beautiful world, and to work together toward building a community of life for humankind and nature. China will actively participate in the development of the global green governance system, and adhere to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities as well as the principle of fairness. China will uphold multilateralism, safeguard the UN-centered international system, and urge all parties to fulfill the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement. We will take an active part in the negotiations on reducing greenhouse gas emissions in international aviation and shipping.
（二）開展綠色經(jīng)貿(mào)、技術(shù)與金融合作。優(yōu)化貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)，大力發(fā)展高質(zhì)量、高技術(shù)、高附加值綠色產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易。加強(qiáng)綠色標(biāo)準(zhǔn)國際合作，推動(dòng)落實(shí)合格評定合作和互認(rèn)機(jī)制，做好綠色貿(mào)易規(guī)則與進(jìn)出口政策的銜接。加強(qiáng)節(jié)能環(huán)保產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)進(jìn)出口。加大綠色技術(shù)合作力度，推動(dòng)開展可再生能源、儲(chǔ)能、氫能、二氧化碳捕集利用與封存等領(lǐng)域科研合作和技術(shù)交流，積極參與國際熱核聚變實(shí)驗(yàn)堆計(jì)劃等國際大科學(xué)工程。深化綠色金融國際合作，積極參與碳定價(jià)機(jī)制和綠色金融標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系國際宏觀協(xié)調(diào)，與有關(guān)各方共同推動(dòng)綠色低碳轉(zhuǎn)型。
2. Carrying out green cooperation on business, technology, and finance
We will optimize the trade structure, and promote the trade of high-quality, high-technology and high value-added green products. We will step up international cooperation on green standards, promote the implementation of the system for conformity assessment cooperation and mutual accreditation, and ensure compatibility between the green trade rules and import & export policies. We will boost the import and export of energy-saving and environmental protection products and services. In expanding green technology cooperation, we will promote research cooperation and technological exchanges relating to renewable energy, energy storage, hydrogen power, carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage, and take an active part in major international scientific projects such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor Project. We will intensify green finance cooperation across the world, actively participate in carbon pricing and global macro policy coordination on green finance standards, and work with all parties concerned to move forward with the transformation toward a green and low-carbon growth model.
（三）推進(jìn)綠色“一帶一路”建設(shè)。秉持共商共建共享原則，弘揚(yáng)開放、綠色、廉潔理念，加強(qiáng)與共建“一帶一路”國家的綠色基建、綠色能源、綠色金融等領(lǐng)域合作，提高境外項(xiàng)目環(huán)境可持續(xù)性，打造綠色、包容的“一帶一路”能源合作伙伴關(guān)系，擴(kuò)大新能源技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品出口。發(fā)揮“一帶一路”綠色發(fā)展國際聯(lián)盟等合作平臺作用，推動(dòng)實(shí)施《“一帶一路”綠色投資原則》，推進(jìn)“一帶一路”應(yīng)對氣候變化南南合作計(jì)劃和“一帶一路”科技創(chuàng)新行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。
3. Making the Belt and Road Initiative a green initiative
We will follow the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, uphold openness, green development, and integrity in advancing the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and strengthen cooperation with other participants on green infrastructure, green energy, and green finance. We will make overseas projects more environmentally sustainable, develop a BRI energy partnership characterized by green development and inclusiveness, and expand the export of new energy technology and products. We will bring into full play the role of cooperation platforms such as the BRI International Green Development Coalition, advocate the Green Investment Principles, advance the implementation of the Belt and Road South-South Cooperation Initiative on Climate Change and the Belt and Road Science, Technology, and Innovation Cooperation Action Plan.
五、政策保障
V. Policy Support
（一）建立統(tǒng)一規(guī)范的碳排放統(tǒng)計(jì)核算體系。加強(qiáng)碳排放統(tǒng)計(jì)核算能力建設(shè)，深化核算方法研究，加快建立統(tǒng)一規(guī)范的碳排放統(tǒng)計(jì)核算體系。支持行業(yè)、企業(yè)依據(jù)自身特點(diǎn)開展碳排放核算方法學(xué)研究，建立健全碳排放計(jì)量體系。推進(jìn)碳排放實(shí)測技術(shù)發(fā)展，加快遙感測量、大數(shù)據(jù)、云計(jì)算等新興技術(shù)在碳排放實(shí)測技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，提高統(tǒng)計(jì)核算水平。積極參與國際碳排放核算方法研究，推動(dòng)建立更為公平合理的碳排放核算方法體系。
1. Developing a unified and standardized carbon emissions measuring and counting system
We will improve our capacity for the statistics and accounting of carbon emissions, work for better accounting methods, and accelerate the establishment of a unified and standardized carbon emissions measuring and counting system. We will support industries and businesses in conducting methodology research on carbon emissions accounting based on their own characteristics, and set up a sound measuring system for that purpose. To upgrade measurement technology for carbon emissions, we will move faster to apply new technologies such as remote sensing measurement, big data, and cloud computing, and raise our statistical accounting capabilities. We will take part in international cooperation for accounting method development, thus promoting the establishment of fairer and more equitable carbon accounting systems.
（二）健全法律法規(guī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。構(gòu)建有利于綠色低碳發(fā)展的法律體系，推動(dòng)能源法、節(jié)約能源法、電力法、煤炭法、可再生能源法、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)促進(jìn)法、清潔生產(chǎn)促進(jìn)法等制定修訂。加快節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更新，修訂一批能耗限額、產(chǎn)品設(shè)備能效強(qiáng)制性國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和工程建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，提高節(jié)能降碳要求。健全可再生能源標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系，加快相關(guān)領(lǐng)域標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定修訂。建立健全氫制、儲(chǔ)、輸、用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。完善工業(yè)綠色低碳標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系。建立重點(diǎn)企業(yè)碳排放核算、報(bào)告、核查等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，探索建立重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)品全生命周期碳足跡標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。積極參與國際能效、低碳等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定修訂，加強(qiáng)國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)調(diào)。
2. Improving laws, regulations, and standards
To build a legal system that supports the green and low-carbon development, we will promote the formulation and revision of the Energy Law, the Energy Conservation Law, the Electric Power Law, the Coal Industry Law, the Renewable Energy Law, the Law on Promoting the Circular Economy, and the Law on Promoting Clean Production. We will update energy efficiency standards at a faster pace, and revise a raft of energy consumption caps, compulsory national standards for the energy efficiency of products and equipment, and project construction standards, in an effort to raise the standards for energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction. We will refine the system of standards for renewable energy and expedite the pace of formulating and updating standards in these sectors. We will establish well-conceived standards for the production, storage, transportation and usage of hydrogen. We will improve standards on environmentally friendly and low-carbon development of industries. We will lay out standards for calculating, reporting, and verifying the carbon emissions from major enterprises, and explore ways to set life cycle carbon footprint standards for major products. We will actively participate in the formulation and revision of international standards on energy efficiency, low-carbon development etc., and strive for better alignment of these standards.
（三）完善經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。各級人民政府要加大對碳達(dá)峰、碳中和工作的支持力度。建立健全有利于綠色低碳發(fā)展的稅收政策體系，落實(shí)和完善節(jié)能節(jié)水、資源綜合利用等稅收優(yōu)惠政策，更好發(fā)揮稅收對市場主體綠色低碳發(fā)展的促進(jìn)作用。完善綠色電價(jià)政策，健全居民階梯電價(jià)制度和分時(shí)電價(jià)政策，探索建立分時(shí)電價(jià)動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整機(jī)制。完善綠色金融評價(jià)機(jī)制，建立健全綠色金融標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系。大力發(fā)展綠色貸款、綠色股權(quán)、綠色債券、綠色保險(xiǎn)、綠色基金等金融工具，設(shè)立碳減排支持工具，引導(dǎo)金融機(jī)構(gòu)為綠色低碳項(xiàng)目提供長期限、低成本資金，鼓勵(lì)開發(fā)性政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)按照市場化法治化原則為碳達(dá)峰行動(dòng)提供長期穩(wěn)定融資支持。拓展綠色債券市場的深度和廣度，支持符合條件的綠色企業(yè)上市融資、掛牌融資和再融資。研究設(shè)立國家低碳轉(zhuǎn)型基金，支持傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)和資源富集地區(qū)綠色轉(zhuǎn)型。鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)資本以市場化方式設(shè)立綠色低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)投資基金。
3. Optimizing economic policies
All governments should deliver greater support to work related to peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. We will establish a sound tax policy system that is conducive to green and low-carbon development, refine and implement preferential tax policies for energy and water conservation and the comprehensive use of resources, and better leverage the role of tax in spurring environmentally friendly and low-carbon development of market entities. We will refine green pricing policy for electricity, introduce sound tiered pricing for household electricity consumption and time-of-use electricity pricing, and explore ways to establish a dynamic mechanism for adjusting time-of-use electricity pricing. We will improve the evaluation mechanism and standards for green finance and establish a sound green finance standard system. We will make an all-out effort to develop green credit, equity, bond, insurance, fund and other financial instruments. With the introduction of tools which support carbon emissions reduction, we will guide financial institutions in providing long-term, low-cost funding for green and low-carbon projects, and encourage development and policy-backed financial institutions to provide continued long-term financial support for peaking carbon dioxide emissions initiatives by employing market-oriented and law-based measures. We will expand the depth and width of the green bond market, and support qualified green enterprises in their efforts to go public and refinance. We will research to set up a national fund for low-carbon transformation to support traditional industries and resource-rich regions in pursuing green transformations. Nongovernmental capital will be encouraged to set up green and low- carbon industry investment funds in a market-based manner.
（四）建立健全市場化機(jī)制。發(fā)揮全國碳排放權(quán)交易市場作用，進(jìn)一步完善配套制度，逐步擴(kuò)大交易行業(yè)范圍。建設(shè)全國用能權(quán)交易市場，完善用能權(quán)有償使用和交易制度，做好與能耗雙控制度的銜接。統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)碳排放權(quán)、用能權(quán)、電力交易等市場建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)市場機(jī)制間的銜接與協(xié)調(diào)，將碳排放權(quán)、用能權(quán)交易納入公共資源交易平臺。積極推行合同能源管理，推廣節(jié)能咨詢、診斷、設(shè)計(jì)、融資、改造、托管等“一站式”綜合服務(wù)模式。
4. Establishing sound market mechanisms
We will give full play to the role of the national carbon emission trading market, further refine supporting systems, and expand the trading scope in due course. We will build a national market for energy-use rights, improve the system for the paid use and trading of energy-use rights, and ensure its compatibility with the system to control both the total amount and intensity of energy consumption. We will make systematic efforts to build markets for trading carbon emission rights, energy-use rights and electricity, and make the market mechanisms better linked and more coordinated, so that the trading of carbon emission rights and energy-use rights can be included in trading platforms for public resources. We will promote contracted energy management, and encourage one-stop services for the consultancy, diagnosis, design, financing, renovation, and entrustment of energy-saving projects.
六、組織實(shí)施
VI. Implementation
（一）加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)。加強(qiáng)黨中央對碳達(dá)峰、碳中和工作的集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，碳達(dá)峰碳中和工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組對碳達(dá)峰相關(guān)工作進(jìn)行整體部署和系統(tǒng)推進(jìn)，統(tǒng)籌研究重要事項(xiàng)、制定重大政策。碳達(dá)峰碳中和工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組成員單位要按照黨中央、國務(wù)院決策部署和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組工作要求，扎實(shí)推進(jìn)相關(guān)工作。碳達(dá)峰碳中和工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組辦公室要加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)，定期對各地區(qū)和重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域、重點(diǎn)行業(yè)工作進(jìn)展情況進(jìn)行調(diào)度，科學(xué)提出碳達(dá)峰分步驟的時(shí)間表、路線圖，督促將各項(xiàng)目標(biāo)任務(wù)落實(shí)落細(xì)。
1. Strengthening planning and coordination
The CPC Central Committee will strengthen its centralized, unified leadership over the efforts to peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. The Leading Group will make overall plans and systematic steps, and take a holistic approach to major issues and major policies. The members of the Leading Group will make solid efforts in line with the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council and relevant requirements defined by the Leading Group. The Leading Group Office will strengthen planning and coordination, examine and coordinate work in all regions and key areas and industries on a regular basis, and scientifically put forward the timetable and road map for carbon dioxide peaking step by step so as to ensure the thorough and effective implementation of all targets and tasks.
（二）強(qiáng)化責(zé)任落實(shí)。各地區(qū)各有關(guān)部門要深刻認(rèn)識碳達(dá)峰、碳中和工作的重要性、緊迫性、復(fù)雜性，切實(shí)扛起責(zé)任，按照《中共中央 國務(wù)院關(guān)于完整準(zhǔn)確全面貫徹新發(fā)展理念做好碳達(dá)峰碳中和工作的意見》和本方案確定的主要目標(biāo)和重點(diǎn)任務(wù)，著力抓好各項(xiàng)任務(wù)落實(shí)，確保政策到位、措施到位、成效到位，落實(shí)情況納入中央和省級生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)督察。各相關(guān)單位、人民團(tuán)體、社會(huì)組織要按照國家有關(guān)部署，積極發(fā)揮自身作用，推進(jìn)綠色低碳發(fā)展。
2. Ensuring responsibility
Being fully aware of the importance, urgency, and complexity of initiatives related to carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality, all regions and departments must take on responsibilities, work toward the goals and major tasks defined in this plan and in line with the Working Guidance for Carbon Dioxide Peaking and Carbon Neutrality in Full and Faithful Implementation of the New Development Philosophy, focus on the key targets and important tasks, and ensure all policies and measures are implemented effectively. The performance of all these tasks will be subject to central and provincial environmental inspections. In light of state plans, all relevant departments, people’s organizations, and social groups should make full use of their strengths to promote green and low-carbon development.
（三）嚴(yán)格監(jiān)督考核。實(shí)施以碳強(qiáng)度控制為主、碳排放總量控制為輔的制度，對能源消費(fèi)和碳排放指標(biāo)實(shí)行協(xié)同管理、協(xié)同分解、協(xié)同考核，逐步建立系統(tǒng)完善的碳達(dá)峰碳中和綜合評價(jià)考核制度。加強(qiáng)監(jiān)督考核結(jié)果應(yīng)用，對碳達(dá)峰工作成效突出的地區(qū)、單位和個(gè)人按規(guī)定給予表彰獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，對未完成目標(biāo)任務(wù)的地區(qū)、部門依規(guī)依法實(shí)行通報(bào)批評和約談問責(zé)。各省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府要組織開展碳達(dá)峰目標(biāo)任務(wù)年度評估，有關(guān)工作進(jìn)展和重大問題要及時(shí)向碳達(dá)峰碳中和工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組報(bào)告。
3. Exercising strict oversight and assessment
We will implement a system for controlling both carbon intensity and total carbon emissions, taking the former as the priority. We will coordinate the management, allocation, and assessment of energy consumption and carbon emissions targets, and gradually develop a sound and comprehensive evaluation mechanism for peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. We will make better use of evaluation results, rewarding outstanding regions, organizations, and individuals for their contributions to achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions while holding accountable those regions and departments which fail to accomplish targets and tasks with circular criticisms and admonishment in accordance with laws and regulations. Governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government will evaluate the performance of major peaking carbon dioxide emissions targets on an annual basis, and report promptly to the Leading Group on the ongoing progress and major issues.